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4.5.2 Approximate machinery weight estimation .............. 107
4.5.2 Two or three group methods ...................... 108
4.5.4 Propulsion machinery weight ..................... 108
4.5.5 Weight of the remainder ........................ 110
4.5.6 Weight of diesel-electric installations -merchant ships ....... 111
4.5.7 Approximate machinery weight - warships ............. 111
4.5.8 Detailed machinery weight calculations - merchant ships ...... 112
4.5.9 Detailed machinery weight calculations - warships ......... 113
4.6 Margin, deadweight and displacement ..................... 114
4.6.1 General ................................ 114
4.6.2 Margin - merchant ships ....................... 114
4.6.3 Margin - warships .......................... 114
4.6.4 Margins on centres of gravity ..................... 115
4.6.5 Deadweight and displacement - merchant ships ........... 115
4.6.6 Variable loads - warships ...................... 116
4.7 Standard calculation sheets for initial design ................. 116
4.7.1 Standard design sheet for merchant ships ............... 116
4.7.2 Standard design sheet for warships .................. 123
4.8 Lightship centres of gravity .......................... 126
4.8.1 General discussion ........................... 126
4.8.2 A first approximation of the lightship VCG and LCG ......... 127
4.8.3 A second approximation ........................ 127
4.8.4 Detailed calculations ......................... 130
4.9 Weight control ................................. 130

Chapter 5 . Volume. Area and Dimension-Based Designs
5.1 Volume-based cargo ships ........................... 133
5.2 Estimating the required volume ........................ 134
5.2.1 Areas and volumes of spaces on passenger ships ............ 135
5.2.2 Tween deck heights .......................... 141
5.2.3 Standard calculation sheet ....................... 141
5.3 Fixing the dimensions of a passenger ship ................... 142
5.3.1 Main hull and superstructure ...................... 142
5.3.2 Modern passenger ship design ..................... 142
5.4 Other “volume design” ship types ....................... 144
5.5 Crew numbers ................................. 144
5.5.1 Passenger ship crew numbers ..................... 144
5.5.2 Cargo ship crew numbers ....................... 144
5.5.3 Warship crew numbers ........................ 149
5.6 Designs based on deck area .......................... 150
5.7 Designs based on linear dimensions ...................... 150
5.7.1 Container ships .............................. 152
5.7.2 Open container ships .......................... 153