Page 169 - Primer on Enhanced Oil Recovery

Chemical EOR 159

Fig. 12.14 provides published data on majority of pilot and large-scale world-
wide from 1992 to 2011 alkali flooding implementations. Information on other
combinations of alkaline flooding such as alkali surfactant (AS), alkali polymer
(AP), and alkali surfactant polymer foam (ASP-foam) is not given. If these combi-
nations are taken into account, in general, about 100 pilot and large-scale projects
have been implemented using alkalies in the world. Many of the implementations
were ineffective or with difficult to estimate the effect.
Of the reported 32 successful project, 21 projects were implemented in China,
seven in the United States, two in India, one in Canada, and one in Venezuela.
Only one project in Venezuela was implemented in marine conditions. As can be
seen from the figure, the best result was achieved at the Cambridge, USA field.
In all reported successful projects a five-point or reverse five-point waterflooding
system were used.