Page 290 - Principles of Catalyst Development

INDEX 281

Catalytic cracking (cont.) CoMo! AI 20 3 (cont.)
particle size of catalysts in, 142 structure of, 38
poisoning by metals, 191 surface structure of, 161
selectivity in, 6 Composition
by solid acids, 27, 82 solution methods. 136
with ZSM-5, 81 spectroscopic methods, 137
Catalytic reforming, 238 Computer
deactivation in, 189,215 -aided design of catalysts, 92
dual functional activity in, 34 control of pilot unit. 47
effect of crystallite size on selectivity, 199 Concentration profiles
mechanism of, 34 during adsorption, 112
by metals, 50 during impregnation, liS
promotion by rhenium, 37, 193 Condensation, 238
segregation of metals in, 193 Confidentiality. in catalyst manufacturing, 126
Cation adsorption, 112 Conradson carbon, 238
Cetene number, 238 Contamination coke, 212
Chemisorption Controlled atmosphere electron microscopy
for dispersion measurement, 162 (CAEM). 159
on metals, 165 CoO, 38
nature of, 146 in hydrodesulfurization catalysts, 38
on nonmetals, 165 Copolymer, 238
stoichiometry of, 164 Copper. reactions catalyzed by, 62
Classification of the active components, 27 Coprecipitation, of mixed hydrous oxides, 107
Clays Cracking, 238, 251
acid sites in, 73 Cr203 gel, recipe for. 260
as catalysts, 73 Cr20,/AI20,. recipe for, 261
Cloud point, 238 Crystallite size
Coalescence effect of reduction. 118
of metal crystallites, 29 effect on selectivity, 199
of sols, 100 in metals. 59
CoA1 20 4 , in hydrodesulfurization catalysts, 38 in semiconductors, 68
Coal liquefaction Cu-Ni alloys
direct, 43 cyclopropane hydrogenolysis. 55
indirect, 50 phase segregation, 193
Cobalt, reactions catalyzed by, 62 Cut. 238
Coking Cu-ZnO-AI 20.1
correlations in, 211 preparation of, 121
deactivation by, 210 sintering of, 197
dehydrogenative, 214 support effects, 36
dissociative, 220 Cyclization. 238
regeneration after. 210 Cyclohexane dehydrogenation. 61
Commercial manufacturing of catalysts, 123 Cycloparaffins. 238
Complete combustion. 238 Cyclopropane hydrogenation, 202
('oMo/AI 20,
analysis of. 137 Deactivation
coking in, 217 cause of, 191
diffusivity in, 157 by coking, 210
promotion with K. 39 by component volatization. 192
promotion with P. 39 by compound formation. 193
recipe for, 262 effects of. 6, 185
shape of particles. 24 effects on temperature profiles. 190