Page 295 - Principles of Catalyst Development
P. 295
286 INDEX
Potassium (COllt.) Reaction (cOlli.)
in methanation, 37 steps. 12
as a promoter, 36 ,tructure sensitive, 53
in steam reforming, 48, 193 surface. 16
Pour point, 241 thermodynamic feasibilit} of. J
Powders. manufacture of, 131 titration, 162, 166
Power rate law, 18, 173 Reactors
Precipitation ditfcrcntial. 175. 177
of the active component, 109 experimental. 174
effect of pH. 98 gradientlcss, 178
of supports, 97 integral. 175
Preparation, of supports, 95 loading, \32
Pressure drop pUlse, 179
effect of particles. 10 recirculation, 179
in packed beds, 8 temperature protiles in. 190
Process tubular, 175
design, 48 Redox reactions. 26
development, 42 Reduction
diagnosis, 19 of the catalyst, 117
need for a catalyst, 41 passivation of Ni after, 120
zeolites in. 82 prc-, 120
Process variables, tested in pilot units, 46 Reductive alkylation, 241
Promoters Refining. 241
function of, 35 Refnrmate, 241
to prevent deactivation, 190 Regeneration
in processes. 36 of catalysts, 188
site blocking, 60 effect of heavy metals, 192
Pt/AI 20" 31 Research octane number (RON). 241
crystallite migration in. 196 Residua
Pulse reactor. types of, 179 bimodal pores for hydrodesulfurization, 217
hydrodesulfurization of, 39
Radial crushing strength, 143 poisoning effect of heavy meta\;, 192
Raffinatc, 241 Reynolds number, II, 175
Raney metals, 121 Rhenium
Rate constanb. for activity. 173 promotion by, 216
Rate equation reactions catalyzed by. 62
activation energy for. 21 Rhodium, reactions catalyzed by, 62
for activity, 172 Rings, pressure drop with, 10
apparent order, 21 Ruthenium. reactions catalyzed by, 63
first order, 174
global, IS Scale-up
Langmuir-Hinshelwood, 174 of catalyst recipes, 124
power law, 18 data from pilot units, 47
Rates Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 158
for activity, 172 Selectivity, 241
effect of mixing speed, 179 benefits of, 5
effect of particle size, 20 effect of catalyst, 4
effect of velocity, 22 ellects of crystallite size, 199
regimes. 20 shape and size, 75. 78, 80
Reaction Semiconductors
redox, 26 catalysis by, 26
