Page 250 - Principles of Catalyst Development

240 APPENDIX 2
Hydroformylation Addition of hydrogen to produce formylation.
Hydrogenation Addition of hydrogen to unsaturated bonds.
Hydrogenolysis Used in two different ways: (1) hydrogenation of an oxygen
compound to give a reduced compound and water, and (2) rupture of C-C,
C-S, C-N, C-O, and other hetero C- bonds by the addition of hydrogen.
Hydrogen Transfer A reaction involving the rupturing of a C-H bond and the
transfer of the hydrogen atom to another molecule.
Hydmtreating General process of adding hydrogen to remove S, N, and 0;
improves color, stability, odor, and further processing.
Isomerization Rearrangement of the structure of a compound without gain or
loss of any of its components.
Isotope Exchange Exchange of isotopes of different mass numbers from specific
parts of a molecule, permitting tracing of specific atoms to elucidate mechanisms.
Kerosine A middle-distillate material boiling in the range J50-260°C.
Lifetime A measure of the effective life of a catalyst, usually process time or
amount of feed per unit of catalyst.
Liquid Hourly Space Velocity (LHSV) Liquid volume (normal conditions) per
volume of catalyst per hour.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Liquefied light end gases used as fuel and
chemical feedstock, usually 95% propane, the rest ethane and butane.
Mass Tran.~fer Limited Reaction A reaction whose rate is determined by a mass
transfer process, such as external diffusion to the outside of a pellet or pore
diffusion into the interior surface.
hletathesis General term for reactions in which parts of two compounds exchange
with each other.
Methanation Hydrogenation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to give
methane and water.
Mid-Boiling Point The temperature in a crude assay distillation at which one
half of the material of a cut has vaporized.
Middle Distillate Atmospheric pipestill cuts boiling in the range J50-400°C.
MonocycloparajJins Cycloparaffins containing only one ring, of normally five or
six carbon atoms.
Monomer A simple compound containing unsaturated bonds and capable of
joining to itself or other molecules to form larger polymers.
Motor Octane Number (MON) The percentage by volume of isooctane in a
blend of isooctane and n- heptane that knocks with the same intensity as fuel
being tested at conditions approximating cruise conditions of an automobile
(900 rpm).
Naphtha Petroleum fractions in the boiling ranges 25-75°C (light virgin), 75-
140°C (intermediate), J40-J65°C (heavy), and J65-220°C (very heavy).