Page 218 - Privacy in a Cyber Age Policy and Practice

206 NOTES

Commerce, Science & Transportation, 112th Cong. 6 (2011) (statement of Erich
Anderson, Deputy General Counsel, Microsoft Corporation).
66. Ibid., 8 [emphasis in the original].
67. H.B. 5765, General Assembly, February Session (Conn. 2008).
68. Paul M. Schwartz, “Preemption and Privacy,” Yale Law Journal 118 (2009): 902, 921.
69. Hoofnagle, “Can Privacy Self-Regulation Work for Consumers?”.
70. For further discussion of consent-based approaches to privacy and information
“ownership,” see Julie E. Cohen, “Information Rights and Intellectual Freedom”
in Ethics and the Internet, ed. Anton Vedder (Antwerp: Intersentia, 2001), 11–32.
71. Julia M. Fromholz, “The European Union Data Privacy Directive,” Berkeley
Technology Law Journal 15 (2000): 461, 462.
72. Fred H. Cate, Privacy in the Information Age (Washington, DC: Brookings
Institution Press, 1997), 36.
73. “EU Data Protection Directive,” Electronic Privacy Information Center, http://
epic.org/privacy/intl/eu_data_protection_directive.html.
74. Erica Newland, “CDT Comments on EU Data Protection Directive,” The Center
for Democracy and Technology (January 20, 2011), http://www.cdt.org/blogs/
erica-newland/cdt-comments-eu-data-protection-directive; see also The Cen-
ter for Democracy and Technology, “Comments of the Center For Democracy
and Technology to the European Commission in the Matter of Consultation
on the Commission’s Comprehensive Approach on Personal Data Protection
in the European Union” (January 15, 2011), http://cdt.org/files/pdfs/CDT_
DPD_Comments.pdf.
75. Julia M. Fromholz, “The European Union Data Privacy Directive,” Berkeley
Technology Law Journal 15 (2000): 467–68.
76. Fred H. Cate, Privacy in the Information Age (1997), 36, 37.
77. Ibid.
78. Ibid, 36.
79. Fred H. Cate, “The EU Data Protection Directive, Information Privacy, and the
Public Interest,” Iowa Law Review 80 (1995): 431, 437.
80. Erica Newland, “CDT Comments on EU Data Protection Directive,” The Cen-
ter for Democracy and Technology (January 20, 2011), 75, http://www.cdt.org/
blogs/erica-newland/cdt-comments-eu-data-protection-directive.
81. Article 13 of Council Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 24 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing
of personal data and on the free movement of such data, 1995 O.J. L 281/31.
82. Ibid.
83. For a discussion of this topic, see Ellen Mastenbroek, “EU Compliance: Still a
‘Black Hole’?” Journal of European Public Policy 12 (2005): 1103–20; see also,
Maria Mendrinou, “Non-compliance and the European Commission’s Role in
Integration,” Journal of European Public Policy 3 (1996): 1–22.
84. 5 U.S.C. § 552a(e)(7).
85. Amitai Etzioni, “DNA Tests and Databases in Criminal Justice Individual
Rights and the Common Good,” in DNA and the Criminal Justice System: The
Technology of Justice (MIT Press, 2004), 197–223.
86. Gina Stevens, “Privacy Protections for Personal Information Online,” Congressional
Research Service Report for Congress (April 6, 2011).