Page 331 -

12.3 Applications 313

Fig. 12.11 Screenshot of a discovered process model for fluoroscopy runs in the context of the
so-called “left coronary procedure” inside Allura Xper systems distributed all over the globe

events (e.g., pushing a button, changing the dosage) are recorded by the machine
and subsequently sent to Philips via PRS. Using the Remote Analysis, Diagnostics
And Reporting (RADAR) system, event logs are converted into an XML format and
stored in the internal database of RADAR. Subsequently, the collected event data
are translated into MXML files to enable process mining.
Process mining has been applied extensively to the event logs generated by Allura
Xper systems. These are X-ray systems designed to diagnose and possibly assist in
the treatment of all kinds of diseases, like heart or lung diseases, by generating
images of the internal body. These systems record three types of events:
• User messages. When a message is shown to the user (e.g., “Geometry restart-
ing”), this is recorded in the event log.
• Commands. Both users and system components can invoke commands. These are
all recorded. Commands typically have various parameters (e.g., voltage values).
• Warnings and errors. Whenever a problem occurs (or is anticipated), an event is
recorded.
Each event has a timestamp and contains information about the component that
generated the event.
It is possible to analyze the processes in Allura Xper systems from various an-
gles. The concept of a “case” (i.e., process instance) may refer to a machine, a
machine day, the execution of a particular procedure, the repair of a machine, etc.
Figure 12.11 shows an example taken from [51]. Processes discovered for these sys-