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Figure 5.4 Waste biorefinery methodologies.

Figure 5.5 Common biorefinery approaches.

Thermochemical change includes the accompanying procedures:
1. direct thermochemical treatment/liquefaction,
2. pyrolysis,
3. gasification, and
4. combustion.

5.5.1.1 Direct or coordinate thermochemical treatment/
liquefaction
In view of process parameters, direct thermochemical treatment can result in a pre-
dominant division of solid or fluid product. Thermochemical pathways convert
waste to value-added product. Waste biorefinery water, it is otherwise called aque-
ous or hydrothermal treatment. In the event that the procedure condition is less seri-
ous, aqueous treatment results in a strong deposit like coal. At that point, it is
classified as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), while aqueous liquefaction
requires outrageous conditions to change over the feedstock into fluid. Once in a
while, natural solvents are utilized as the response medium to maintain a strategic