Page 157 - Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

128 Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

pollution by bacterial community is easy, and low-cost recovery through down-
stream processing makes it progressively appealing (Thomas et al., 2013). Most
importantly, the production of enzymes with high enzyme activity and yields makes
SSF more attractive compared to submerged fermentation technique. The growth
and development conditions in an SSF process are similar to that of bacteria’s natu-
ral habitat so bacterial growth increases followed by increased activity and produc-
tivity. The substantial scale generation of chemicals utilizing SSF is testing a direct
result of challenges responsible for pH, temperature, air circulation, oxygen
exchange, and dampness content. Although SSF has more advantages compared to
other techniques, the control of process parameters such as pH, aeration, tempera-
ture, transfer of oxygen, and moisture make SSF process challenging (Kiran et al.,
2014).

5.6 Challenges

Though the concept of waste biorefinery has taken its place in the most recent
decade, yet has a long way to go before an organized framework can flourish. The
future of anaerobic biorefineries relays on the reconciliation of various biorefinery
stages where the wastes or losses from these stages are to be utilized for the biogas
production. The delivered biogas can be utilized for on location energy necessities
or sustained to the lattice, if in overabundance. The issue with current anaerobic
digestion frameworks is that they are seen just as a strategy for minimizing natural
waste and delivering energy. Nonetheless, with the present vacillation in energy
costs, different wellsprings of income, created from the leftover bioslurry, ought to
be abused. Right now, more attention is required to keep up the more reliable sup-
plement levels. Affirmations programs for the bioslurry could likewise urge the
populace to purchase the product as compost. Different targets incorporate protect-
ing that the profitable synthetic compounds, amino acids, and so on are recouped in
the biorefinery before the raw material or the feedstock is sent to the anaerobic
digestion procedure (Fernando et al., 2006). Supplements and conceivably impor-
tant synthetic chemicals can be recovered from sustenance process handling and
food generation industries, before the end treatment of the food preparing waste
through anaerobic digestion method. There is additionally a need to direct a thor-
ough techno-monetary examination of anaerobic biorefinery by taking into consid-
eration about the regional conditions. The following are few challenging areas in
waste refining that are to be focused (Maity, 2015).
Feedstock assorted variety: Based on the sources, types, nature and collection
place of raw feedstock, the physical properties, chemical constituents, and the price
vary considerably. This assorted variety makes difficulties to create replicable bio-
mass supply frameworks and specific transformation methodologies to biocontrol or
biofuel for different kinds of lignocellulosic feedstock.
Biomass accumulation and transportation: The incorporated biorefinery, which
requires enormous amounts of biomass, is required to be situated far from biomass