Page 31 - Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

10 Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

Hydro pyrolysis—bio-oil
Methanopyrolysis—chemicals

1.4.2 Pyrolysis reactors
In pyrolysis process, pyrolysis reactor design is one important key, because it deter-
mines the product distribution, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The current
research has been carried out on a reactor to improve the two important factors for
obtaining better product yield, such as heating rate and residence time period. The
fundamental highlights of pyrolysis reactors are

generation of a high heat exchange rate,
moderate and deliberately controlled temperature, and
rapid cooling or extinguishing of pyrolysis reactor vapors.
Several types of reactors are commonly used for the pyrolysis of SWs; each
reactor differs from the others by its working principle, advantages, and an experi-
mental setup (Bridgwater and Peacocke, 2000). The reactors are as follows:
1. Fixed-bed
2. Fluidized-bed
3. Spouted fluid-bed
4. Transported-bed
5. Circulating fluidized-bed
6. Rotating cone
7. Entrained flow
8. Auger or screw
9. Plasma pyrolysis
10. Vortex centrifuge
11. Vacuum
12. PyRos
13. Ablative

1.4.3 Microwave-assisted pyrolysis
Microwave heating incorporates the connection of the electric field segment of the
electromagnetic radiation with the charged particles of the heated material. Heat is
actuated because of grating brought about by the intermolecular crashes of the
charged particles or dipoles that endeavor to constantly realign in stage with the
rotating field of the microwaves. In opposition to conventional heating, microwave
heating instrument offers ascend to specific, fast, and volumetric heating, with the
end goal that the entire material can be heated up most consistently. All the things
in microwave heating are considered based on the dielectric properties of the mate-
rials. One of the fundamental issues in the application of microwave treatment of
biomass is to blend the biomass with effective biomass absorbers. Carbon materials;
metal oxide or silicon carbide were normally utilized as microwave safeguards in
the microwave-related pyrolysis of biomass. Microwave-related pyrolysis of