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294 Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

officers minimizes the communication gap between the government and the persons
involved at the field-scale application level. The farmers below the poverty line
may not be encouraged to accept the operation of the bioreactor to generate biofuel
using rice straw as feedstock. The funding for the experiments and application of
pilot-scale and field-scale projects may make this program to be acceptable in the
society.

13.9 Conclusion

To meet the requirement of rice for the growing world population by the mid of
this century, the most important aspect is to increase the efficiency of agricultural
fields under rice cropping. To make this, we should not spare more lands for energy
cropping process. To make the energy pool sustainable, it is highly essential to
reduce the use of conventional sources of energy and to meet that demand, we have
to promote the use of nonconventional sources of energy. One of such nonconven-
tional sources of energy is biofuel generated from rice straw, using it as a feedstock
in bioreactor. The use of rice straw as a feedstock for biofuel is a possible way to
improve the management of rice straw on the agricultural fields under rice crop-
ping. Besides increasing the production efficiency of agricultural fields under rice
cropping, it has the potential to reduce environmental pollution and to increase the
energy pool.
The second generation biofuel production from the postharvest rice crop residues
increases the effective conversion of waste to energy and reduces the volume of
incremental waste load on the earth surface. It may be able to restrict the emission
of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. It is better in comparison to the first genera-
tion biofuel, as it is not disturbing the available land-use practices. The use of post-
harvest rice crop residues as a feedstock for biofuel production is promising under
the changing demand to generation ratio of energy resources in our environment.
The availability of postharvest rice crop residues as a feedstock is essential for
the successful generation of bioethanol as well as the biogas.

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