Page 420 - Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

378 Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

Substrate*

Fermentation No pretreatment Pretreatment Animal feed

Single cell protein Lignocellulosic Saccharification
enzymes

Human or animal nutrition
Glucose Mannose Xylose

Phenolic compounds

Food and chemical
Fermentation Xylitol Furfural
manufacturing
Benzene

SCP Alcohols Methane Enzyme Microbial polysaccharides Fine chemicals Antibiotics

Petrochemicals Fuel Food and feeds

Figure 16.4 Application of different substrates.
fuels and gas. If pretreated, the wastes can be also used for feeding animals.
Different substrates have different compositions and used in the production of dif-
ferent valuable products on the basis of their composition.

16.5 Conversion of wastes to products through
cascading of various approaches in a biorefinery
mode

Biomass waste valorization is the process of transforming waste items into more
useful materials such as chemicals, and combustibles fuel. This concept is mostly