Page 18 - Reliability and Maintainability of In service Pipelines

Introduction 7

TABLE 1.2 Engineering Materials in Which Pipelines Are Made From or Consist
of/Include
Metals Ferrous Pure Ferrous Wrought Iron
Ferrous alloys Iron alloys, cast Iron
Steel Nonalloy steels
Alloy steels
Nonferrous Nonferrous alloys Brass
Bronze
Solder
Pure nonferrous Aluminum
Copper
Zinc
Nonmetals Ceramics Clay
Glasses
Nanomaterials
Plastics Elastomers Rubbers
Silicones
Polyurethanes
Thermoplastics PVC
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Thermosets Epoxies
Polyimides
Phenolics
Composites Concrete
Reinforced Plastics
Metal matrix
Ceramic matrix
Laminates

New versions of concrete pipes, however, are also not resistant to root attachment.
It has been reported that concrete sewer pipes might last in the long term, if they
do not fail due to cracking or due to sulfur-based corrosion in sewer systems
(Ridgers et al., 2006). Therefore, due to high strength and capacity of steel pipes,