Page 431 - Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Applied Physics

416 PHYSICAL AND QUANTUM OPTICS [CHAP. 33

33.4. Which one or more of the following cannot be polarized?
(a) sound waves (c) radio waves
(b) white light (d) X-rays

33.5. Photons in a vacuum have the same
(a) velocity (c) frequency
(b) energy (d) wavelength

33.6. When the voltage applied to an X-ray tube is increased, the X-rays have a greater
(a) number per second (c) energy
(b) velocity (d) wavelength
33.7. The photons in red light whose wavelength is 650 mm have an energy of
(a) 4.3 × 10 −40 J (c) 1.0 × 10 −27 J
(b) 1.3 × 10 −31 J (d) 3.1 × 10 −19 J

19
33.8. An X-ray tube produces a 0.50-W beam of 1.0 × 10 Hz X-rays. The tube emits
15
13
(a) 7.5 × 10 photons/s (c) 2.2 × 10 photons/s
14
18
(b) 3.0 × 10 photons/s (d) 3.0 × 10 photons/s
7
33.9. The kinetic energy of an electron whose velocity is 1.5 × 10 m/s is
(a) 1.64 × 10 −35 eV (c) 0.64 keV
(b) 1.56 × 10 −3 eV (d) 1.64 keV
33.10. The velocity of an electron whose kinetic energy is 1.5 keV is
7
5
(a) 7.3 × 10 m/s (c) 2.3 × 10 m/s
6
12
(b) 5.1 × 10 m/s (d) 7.3 × 10 m/s

Supplementary Problems

33.1. Which of the following phenomena occur only in transverse waves (such as light) and not in longitudinal waves
(such as sound)—reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, polarization?

33.2. Which of the following optical phenomena, if any, are independent of the wavelength of the light involved—
interference, diffraction, resolving power, polarization?

33.3. Why does the electric field of an electromagnetic wave rather than its magnetic field determine its direction of
polarization?
33.4. State two advantages in having the objective lens or mirror of a telescope be of larger diameter.

33.5. Why do radio waves readily diffract around buildings whereas light waves, which are also electromagnetic in nature,
do not?

33.6. The energy of a light beam is carried by separate photons, yet we do not perceive light as a series of tiny flashes.
Why not?

33.7. If Planck’s constant were equal to 6.63 J·s instead of 6.63 × 10 −34 J·s, would quantum phenomena be more or less
conspicuous in everyday life than they are now?