Page 297 - Shale Shakers Drilling Fluid Systems

Glossary

Abnormal Pressure A formation pore pressure that is higher than that resulting from a wa-
ter gradient.

Absolute Temperature Temperature related to absolute zero; the temperature where all molecular
activity ceases. Calculated by adding 460°F to the temperature in Fahr-
enheit to obtain the absolute temperature in degrees Rankine or by add-
ing 273°C to the temperature in degrees Celsius to obtain the absolute
temperaure in degrees Kelvin.

Absorb To take in and make part of an existing whole. See: Absorption, Adsorp-
tion, Adsorb, Adsorbed Liquid, Bound Liquid.

Absorption The penetration or apparent disappearance of molecules or ions of one
or more substances into the interior of a solid or liquid. For example, in
hydrated bentonite, the planar water that is held between the mica-like
layers is the result of absorption. See.- Absorb, Adsorption, Adsorb,
Adsorbed Liquid, Bound Liquid.

Acid Any chemical compound containing hydrogen capable of being replaced
by positive elements or radicals to form salts. In terms of the dissocia-
tion theory, it is a compound, which, on dissociation in solution, yields
excess hydrogen ions. Acids lower the pH. Examples of acids or acidic
substances are: hydrochloric acid, HCl, sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP,
sulfuric acid, and H 2SO 4. See/ pH, Acidity.

Acidity The relative acid strength of liquid as measured by pH. A pH value be-
low 7. See.- pH, Acid.

Across-the-line-start A motor starting method that provides full line voltage to the motor wind-
ings during starting.

Active System The volume of drilling fluid being circulated to drill a hole. It consists
of the volume of drilling fluid in the hole plus the volume of drilling fluid
in the surface tanks through which the fluid circulates.

Addition Section The compartment(s) in a drilling fluid system between the removal sec-
tion and the suction section, which provides a well-agitated location
within the fluid circulation system for the addition of commercial chemi-
cals, liquids, and bulk products.

Adhesion The force that holds unlike molecules together.