Page 302 - Shale Shakers Drilling Fluid Systems

284 SHALE SHAKERS AND DRILLING FLUID SYSTEMS

Base Exchange The replacement of the cations associated with the surface of a clay
particle by another species of cation (e.g., the substitution of sodium cat-
ions by calcium cations on the surface of a clay particle). See: Methylene
Blue Titration, Methylene Blue Test, MBT, Cation Exchange Capacity, CEC.

Basicity pH value above 7. Ability to neutralize or accept protons from acids.
See: pH.

Basket That portion of a shale shaker containing the deck upon which the
screen(s) is mounted; supported by vibration isolation members connected
to the bed.

Beach Area between the liquid pool and the solids discharge ports in a decant-
ing centrifuge or hydrocyclone.

Bed Shale shaker support member consisting of mounting skid, or frame, with
or without bottom, flow diverters to direct screen underflow to either side
of the skid, and mountings for vibration isolation members.

Bentonite A colloidal clay largely made up of the mineral sodium montmorillonite, a
hydrated aluminum silicate. Used for developing a low-shear-rate viscosity
and/or good filtration characteristics in water-based drilling fluids. The
generic term "bentonite" is neither an exact mineralogical name, nor is
the clay of definite mineralogical composition. See: Gel, Montmorillonite.

Bicarb See: Sodium Bicarbonate.
Bingham Model A mathematical description that relates shear stress to shear rate in a
linear manner. This model requires only two constants (plastic viscosity
and yield point) and is the simplest Theological model possible to describe
a non-Newtonian liquid. It is very useful for analyzing drilling fluid prob-
lems and treatment. See.- Viscosity, Pseudoplastic Fluid, Plastic Viscosity,
Yield Point, Gel Strength.

Blade See: Flight, Flute.

Blinding A reduction of open area in a screening surface caused by coating or
plugging. See.- Coating, Plugging.

Blooie Line The flow line for air or gas drilling.

Blowout An uncontrolled escape of drilling fluid, gas, oil, or water from the well
caused by the formation pressure being greater than the hydrostatic head
of the fluid being circulated in the wellbore. See.- Kick, Kill Fluid.

Bonded Screens Screens bonded to each other or screens bonded together with plastic
to a metal plate.

Bonding Material Material used to secure screen cloth to a backing plate or support screen.

Bottom Flooding The behavior of a hydrocyclone when the underflow discharges whole
drilling fluid rather than separated solids.

Bound Liquid Adsorbed liquid. See: Absorb, Absorption, Adsorb, Adsorption, Adsorbed
Liquid.

Bow See: Crown.