Page 326 - Shale Shakers Drilling Fluid Systems

308 SHALE SHAKERS AND DRILLING FLUID SYSTEMS

where V fps = Velocity of flow, ft/sec
Qgpm = Flow rate < gal/rnin
d = Inside diameter of the pipe, in.

Linear Motion The linear motion of a shale shaker screen is produced by two counter-
rotational motors located above the shaker basket in such a way that a
line connecting the two motor axes is perpendicular to a line passing
through the center of gravity of the basket. Because the acceleration is
applied directly through the center of gravity of the basket, the basket is
dynamically balanced; the same pattern of motion will exist at all points
along the shaker screen. The resultant screen motion is linear and the
angle of this uniform motion is usually 45° to 60° relative to the shaker
screen deck.

Lipophile Any substance, usually in the colloidal state or an emulsion, which is
wetted by oil (i.e., it attracts oil or oil adheres to it). See: Hydrophile.

Lipophilic A property of a substance having an affinity for oil or one that is wetted
by oil. See.- Hydrophilic.

Liquid Fluid that will flow freely and takes the shape of its container.

Liquid Discharge See.- Underflow.

Liquid Film The liquid surrounding each particle discharging from the solids discharge
of cyclones and screens. See.- Bound Liquid, Free Liquid.
Liquid-Clay Phase See. Overflow.

Live Oil Crude oil that contains gas and distillates and has not been stabilized or
weathered. This oil can cause gas cutting when added to drilling fluid
and is a potential fire hazard. See: Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

Load A device connected to a motor that is receiving output mechanical power
from the motor.

Logging See.- Mud Logging, Electric Logging.

Loom See.- Warp.

Loss of Circulation See.- Lost Circulation.

Lost Circulation The result of drilling fluid escaping into a formation, usually in fractures,
cavernous, fissured, or coarsely permeable beds, evidenced by the com-
plete or partial failure of the drilling fluid to return to the surface as it is
circulated in the hole.

Lost Circulation Additives Materials added to the drilling fluid to gain control of or prevent the loss
of circulation. These materials are added in varying amounts and are
classified as fibrous, flake, or granular.

Lost Circulation Materials See.- LCM, Lost Circulation Additives.

Lost Returns See.- Lost Circulation.

Low-Gravity Solids With the exception of barite or other commercial weighting materials,
all solids in drilling fluid including salts, drilled solids of every size,