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xviii CONTENTS

CHAPTER 19 TECHNICAL METRICS FOR SOFTWARE 507
19.1 Software Quality 508
19.1.1 McCall’s Quality Factors 509
19.1.2 FURPS 511
19.1.3 ISO 9126 Quality Factors 513
19.1.4 The Transition to a Quantitative View 513
19.2 A Framework for Technical Software Metrics 514
19.2.1 The Challenge of Technical Metrics 514
19.2.2 Measurement Principles 515
19.2.3 The Attributes of Effective Software Metrics 516
19.3 Metrics for the Analysis Model 517
19.3.1 Function-Based Metrics 518
19.3.2 The Bang Metric 520
19.3.3 Metrics for Specification Quality 522
19.4 Metrics for the Design Model 523
19.4.1 Architectural Design Metrics 523
19.4.2 Component-Level Design Metrics 526
19.4.3 Interface Design Metrics 530
19.5 Metrics for Source Code 531
19.6 Metrics for Testing 532
19.7 Metrics for Maintenance 533
19.8 Summary 534
REFERENCES 534
PROBLEMS AND POINTS TO PONDER 536
FURTHER READING AND OTHER INFORMATION SOURCES 537

PART FOUR—OBJECT-ORIENTED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 539
CHAPTER 20 OBJECT-ORIENTED CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES 541
20.1 The Object-Oriented Paradigm 542
20.2 Object-Oriented Concepts 544
20.2.1 Classes and Objects 546
20.2.2 Attributes 547
20.2.3 Operations, Methods, and Services 548
20.2.4 Messages 548
20.2.5 Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism 550
20.3 Identifying the Elements of an Object Model 553
20.3.1 Identifying Classes and Objects 553
20.3.2 Specifying Attributes 557
20.3.3 Defining Operations 558
20.3.4 Finalizing the Object Definition 559
20.4 Management of Object-Oriented Software Projects 560
20.4.1 The Common Process Framework for OO 560
20.4.2 OO Project Metrics and Estimation 562
20.4.3 An OO Estimating and Scheduling Approach 564
20.4.4 Tracking Progress for an OO Project 565
20.5 Summary 566
REFERENCES 566
PROBLEMS AND POINTS TO PONDER 567
FURTHER READINGS AND INFORMATION SOURCES 568