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CONTENTS xiii

8.9 Mistake-Proofing for Software 214
8.10 The ISO 9000 Quality Standards 216
8.10.1 The ISO Approach to Quality Assurance Systems 217
8.10.2 The ISO 9001 Standard 217
8.11 The SQA Plan 218
8.12 Summary 219
REFERENCES 220
PROBLEMS AND POINTS TO PONDER 221
FURTHER READINGS AND INFORMATION SOURCES 222
CHAPTER 9 SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT 225
9.1 Software Configuration Management 226
9.1.1 Baselines 227
9.1.2 Software Configuration Items 228
9.2 The SCM Process 230
9.3 Identification of Objects in the Software Configuration 230
9.4 Version Control 232
9.5 Change Control 234
9.6 Configuration Audit 237
9.7 Status Reporting 237
9.8 SCM Standards 238
9.9 Summary 238
REFERENCES 239
PROBLEMS AND POINTS TO PONDER 239
FURTHER READINGS AND INFORMATION SOURCES 240

PART THREE—CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 243

CHAPTER 10 SYSTEM ENGINEERING 245

10.1 Computer-Based Systems 246
10.2 The System Engineering Hierarchy 248
10.2.1 System Modeling 249
10.2.2 System Simulation 251
10.3 Business Process Engineering: An Overview 251
10.4 Product Engineering: An Overview 254
10.5 Requirements Engineering 256
10.5.1 Requirements Elicitation 256
10.5.2 Requirements Analysis and Negotiation 258
10.5.3 Requirements Specification 259
10.5.4 System Modeling 259
10.5.5 Requirements Validation 260
10.5.6 Requirements Management 261
10.6 System Modeling 262
10.7 Summary 265
REFERENCES 267
PROBLEMS AND POINTS TO PONDER 267
FURTHER READINGS AND INFORMATION SOURCES 269