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xii           CONTENTS


                                      PROBLEMS AND POINTS TO PONDER  161
                                      FURTHER READINGS AND INFORMATION SOURCES  162

                       CHAPTER 7      PROJECT SCHEDULING AND TRACKING        165
                                      7.1   Basic Concepts  166
                                            7.1.1   Comments on “Lateness”  167
                                            7.2.1   Basic Principles  168
                                      7.2   The Relationship Between People and Effort  170
                                            7.2.1   An Example  170
                                            7.2.2   An Empirical Relationship  171
                                            7.2.3   Effort Distribution  172
                                      7.3   Defining a Task Set for the Software Project  172
                                            7.3.1   Degree of Rigor  173
                                            7.3.2   Defining Adaptation Criteria  174
                                            7.3.3   Computing a Task Set Selector Value  175
                                            7.3.4   Interpreting the TSS Value and Selecting the Task Set  176
                                      7.4   Selecting Software Engineering Tasks  177
                                      7.5   Refinement of Major Tasks  178
                                      7.6   Defining a Task Network  180
                                      7.7   Scheduling  181
                                            7.7.1   Timeline Charts  182
                                            7.7.2   Tracking the Schedule  185
                                      7.8   Earned Value Analysis  186
                                      7.9   Error Tracking  187
                                      7.10  The Project Plan  189
                                      7.11  Summary  189
                                      REFERENCES  189
                                      PROBLEMS AND POINTS TO PONDER  190
                                      FURTHER READINGS AND INFORMATION SOURCES  192

                       CHAPTER 8      SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE       193
                                      8.1   Quality Concepts  194
                                            8.1.1   Quality  195
                                            8.1.2   Quality Control  196
                                            8.1.3   Quality Assurance  196
                                            8.1.4   Cost of Quality  196
                                      8.2   The Quality Movement  198
                                      8.3   Software Quality Assurance  199
                                            8.3.1   Background Issues  200
                                            8.3.2   SQA Activities  201
                                      8.4   Software Reviews  202
                                            8.4.1   Cost Impact of Software Defects  203
                                            8.4.2   Defect Amplification and Removal  204
                                      8.5   Formal Technical Reviews  205
                                            8.5.1   The Review Meeting  206
                                            8.5.2   Review Reporting and Record Keeping  207
                                            8.5.3   Review Guidelines  207
                                      8.6   Formal Approaches to SQA  209
                                      8.7   Statistical Software Quality Assurance  209
                                      8.8    Software Reliability  212
                                            8.8.1   Measures of Reliability and Availability  212
                                            8.8.2   Software Safety  213
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