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x CONTENTS

PART TWO—MANAGING SOFTWARE PROJECTS 53

CHAPTER 3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS 55
3.1 The Management Spectrum 56
3.1.1 The People 56
3.1.2 The Product 57
3.1.2 The Process 57
3.1.3 The Project 57
3.2 People 58
3.2.1 The Players 58
3.2.2 Team Leaders 59
3.2.3 The Software Team 60
3.2.4 Coordination and Communication Issues 65
3.3 The Product 67
3.3.1 Software Scope 67
3.3.2 Problem Decomposition 67
3.4 The Process 68
3.4.1 Melding the Product and the Process 69
3.4.2 Process Decomposition 70
3.5 The Project 71
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3.6 The W HH Principle 73
3.7 Critical Practices 74
3.8 Summary 74
REFERENCES 75
PROBLEMS AND POINTS TO PONDER 76
FURTHER READINGS AND INFORMATION SOURCES 77

CHAPTER 4 SOFTWARE PROCESS AND PROJECT METRICS 79
4.1 Measures, Metrics, and Indicators 80
4.2 Metrics in the Process and Project Domains 81
4.2.1 Process Metrics and Software Process Improvement 82
4.2.2 Project Metrics 86
4.3 Software Measurement 87
4.3.1 Size-Oriented Metrics 88
4.3.2 Function-Oriented Metrics 89
4.3.3 Extended Function Point Metrics 91
4.4 Reconciling Different Metrics Approaches 94
4.5 Metrics for Software Quality 95
4.5.1 An Overview of Factors That Affect Quality 95
4.5.2 Measuring Quality 96
4.5.3 Defect Removal Efficiency 98
4.6 Integrating Metrics Within the Software Engineering Process 98
4.6.1 Arguments for Software Metrics 99
4.6.2 Establishing a Baseline 100
4.6.3 Metrics Collection, Computation, and Evaluation 100
4.7 Managing Variation: Statistical Quality Control 100
4.8 Metrics for Small Organizations 104
4.9 Establishing a Software Metrics Program 105
4.10 Summary 107
REFERENCES 107