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1 - INTRODUCTION

s Executing,
s Monitoring and Controlling, and 1

s Closing.
The unique nature of software, as described in Section 1.2.1 of this extension, allows the elements of the
47 processes within the 5 Process Groups of the PMBOK Guide to be overlapped, interleaved, and iterated in
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various ways, which results in modifications of and extension to the methods, tools, and techniques in the PMBOK
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Guide that are used to manage software projects.

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According to Section 1.3 of the PMBOK Guide, project management involves balancing competing constraints,
which include but are not limited to:

s Scope,
s Quality,
s Schedule,

s Budget,
s Resources, and

s Risk.
Technological factors that can place constraints on software projects and software products include:

s State of hardware and software technology;
s Hardware platforms, software platforms, operating systems, and communication protocols;

s IT architecture integrity, limitations, and protocols;
s Software development tools;

s Software architecture;
s Backward and forward compatibility requirements;

s Reuse of software components from a library;
s Use of open source versus closed source software components;
s Use of customer-supplied software components;

s Interfaces to hardware and other software; and
s Creation and use of intellectual property.

Other factors that can place constraints on software projects include but are not limited to requirements
for system safety, security compliance, reliability, availability, scalability, performance, testability, information
assurance, localization, maintainability, supportability, regulations, customers’ policies, infrastructure support,
team member availability and skills, software development environment and methods, and organizational maturity
and capability.

©2013 Project Management Institute. Software Extension to the PMBOK Guide Fifth Edition 5
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