Page 12 - Standard Handbook Petroleum Natural Gas Engineering VOLUME2

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Reservoir Engineering

F. David Martin
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
Socorro, New Mexico
Robert M. Colpitts, P.G.
Consultant, Geology and Geophysics
Socorro, New Mexico
Basic Principles, Definitions, and Data .................................................... 3
Reservoir Fluids 3. Fluid Viscosities 7. Formation Volume Factors 12. Fluid Compressibilities 20.
Estimating Fluid Properties Using Computers 27. Properties of Fluid-Containing Rocks 35.
Porosity 33. Pore Volume 35. Permeability 36. Capacity 38. Transmissibility 38. Resistivity and
Electrical Conductivity 38. Rock Compressibility 49. Properties of Rocks Containing Multiple
Fluids 32. Total Reservoir Compressibility 52. Resistivity Index 53. Surface and Interfacial
Tension 58. Wettability and Contact Angle 61. Capillary Pressure 68. Effective Permeabilities 72.
Relative Permeabilities 76. Effect of Wettability on Fluid Rock Properties 79.
Formation Evaluation ............................................................................. 86
Coring and Core Analysis 86. Drill Stem Tests 108. Logging 109. Influences on Logs 118.
Openhole Logs and Interpretation 122. Determination of Initial Oil and Gas in Place 208.
Productivity Index 210.
Pressure Transient Testing of Oil and Gas Wells ................................. 214
Definitions and Concepts 214. Important Pressure Transient Analysis Equations 222.
Mechanisms and Recovery of Hydrocarbons by Natural Means .......... 225
Petroleum Reservoir Definitions 225. Natural Gas Reservoirs 225. Primary Recovery of Crude
Oil 225. Primary Recovery Factors in Solution-Gas-Drive Reservoirs 228.
Material Balance and Volumetric Analysis ........................................... 228
Material Balance for Gas Reservoirs 231. Material Balance Equations in Oil or Combination
Reservoirs 233. Generalized Material Balance Equation 234. Material Balance for Solution-
Gas-Drive Reservoirs 237. Predicting Primary Recovery in Solution-Gas-Drive Reservoirs 238.
Predicting Primary Recovery in Water-Drive Reservoirs 240. Volumetric Calculations for Recovery
of Gas and Oil 241.
Decline-Curve Analysis ......................................................................... 244

Exponential Decline 246. Hyperbolic Decline 247. Harmonic Decline 248. Production Type
Curves 248.
Reserve Estimates ................................................................................. 249
Definition and Classification of Reserves 249. Methods of Estimating Reserves 254. Quality
of Reserve Estimates 258.
Secondary Recovery .............................................................................. 259

Definitions 259. Gas Injection 260. Water Injection 262. Spacing of Wells and Well Patterns 262.
Fluid Movement in Waterflooded Reservoirs ....................................... 269
Displacement Mechanisms 269. Viscous Fingering 275. Mobility and Mobility Ratio 276. Recovery
Efficiency 277. Displacement Sweep Efficiency 279. Volumetric Sweep Efficiency 279. Permeability
Variation 284. Estimation of Waterflood Recovery by Material Balance 292. Prediction Methods 293.
Performance Evaluation 293.

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