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172 LAWRENCE GROSSBERG

                 language  as  intervention,  diversity,  chance,  contextuality,  egalitarianism,
                 pastiche, heterogeneity without norms, quotations without quotation marks,
                 parodies without originals.
              4 Postmodernism’s  lack  of  a  theory  of  articulation  results  in  the  ‘flatness’
                 (albeit  defined  by  a  multiplicity  of  vectors  and  planes)  of  its  analysis  of
                 contextual  effectivity.  In  neither  postmodernism  nor  cultural  studies  is
                 articulation  ever  complete.  In  cultural  studies,  no  articulation  is  either
                 complete  or  final;  no  term  is  ever  finally  sewn  up.  This  is  the  condition  of
                 possibility of its dialectic of struggle. In postmodernism not every element is
                 articulated or stitched into the fabric of any particular larger structure. Ths is
                 a crucial part of its analysis of contemporaneity. Speaking metaphorically, a
                 theory  of  articulation  augments  vertical  complexity  while  a  theory  of  wild
                 realism augments horizontal complexity.
              5 Theorizing  the  concept  of  affect  involves  deconstructing  the  opposition
                 between  the  rational  and  the  irrational  in  order  to  undercut,  not  only  the
                 assumed  irrationality  of  desire  but  also,  the  assumed  rationality  of
                 signification  and  ideology.  Current  theories  of  ideology,  rooted  in
                 structuralism, have too easily abandoned the insights embodied in notions of
                 ‘the  structure  of  feeling’  (Williams)  and  ‘the  texture  of  lived  experience’
                 (Hoggart). (I am grateful to John Clarke for his observations on this point.)


                                      REFERENCES

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            Gramsci,  A.  (1971)  Selections  from  the  Prison  Notebooks  (Q.Hoare  and  G.N.
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            ———(1976)  ‘Introduction’  to  An  Eye  on  China  (D.Selbourne),  London:  Black
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