Page 142 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook

Renewable Energies Technology and Smart Grid in China Chapter j 6 119

l Third, the power increases with decreasing temperature (with about 3.3%

of power for the change of every 10 -Celsius in air temperature).
Wind power production not only makes economic sense but also has
greater social benefits of clean energy and a sense of personal freedom (by
moving toward a zero net energy residence, a type of energy independence).
The current transmission lines cannot meet the goals of the advanced energy
technologies. With a new grid system, the smart grid can be designed to meet
the challenges of and to suit ideally the demands of electricity production,
distribution, and utilization.
Wind power makes good sense environmentally and economically. Turbine
components are generally either recyclable or inert to the environment. The
price of the wind turbine is a critical parameter for the return of investment.
The typical payback period for the energy cost is about half a year. Residential
wind turbine can be employed in homes or routed to storage such as battery
banks. Some farmers have utilized their land for wind farm where the wind
power generation does not affect how they farm, produce crops, etc.

DATA RESPONSE AND POWER TRANSMISSION LINES:
EXAMPLES OF THE UNITED STATES

Power system management and optimization are really about data manage-
ment bank, response, and efficiency. When the demand reaches a significantly
high level or an energy reduction is needed, the smart demand response should
help customers in energy conservation and reduction and thus in enhancing
system reliability. The energy security is consistent with our nation’s security
concern so that the advanced energy technology supports the renewable power
standard.
To address the transformation issue of the critical electrical power infra-
structure, a major challenge is transmission lines, which the government can
adequately support in terms of policy and coordination. The current grid
protocol of the power infrastructure has employed a century-old technology,
from about the turn of the 20th century (Energy Information Administration).
Initially 4000 individual electric utilities owned local grids and operated in
isolation. Later, voluntary standards emerged through the electric utility in-
dustry to ensure coordination for linked interconnection operations. These
voluntary standards were instituted after a major blackout in 1965 that
impacted New York, a large portion of the East Coast, and parts of Canada.
Due to the limitation of transmission lines across states, thousands of
megawatts of wind projects are stalled or slowed down ,while many solar
power deployments are experiencing similar challenges. In the United States,
for example, long-distance power transmission has been the major barrier to
the success of renewable power standard implementation in certain regions.
Moreover, the power grid is considered limiting electricity transmission lines.