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            such columns would demand very small cell volumes and minimum extra-column dispersion, which
            leads to the next problem.

            5/ The use of long transfer lines and relatively large volume measuring cells can cause loss in
            chromatographic resolution and thus the transfer of column eluent to NMR cell can become difficult.

            6/ Due to the physical arrangement of the components of the liquid chromatograph and the NMR
            spectrometer, the association of the two instruments is often physically difficult.

            Nevertheless, over the years, with improved techniques such as higher-resolution NMR spectrometers,
            operating at 500 and 800 MHz and using superconducting magnets, together with  C spectroscopy,
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            practical LC/NMR systems have been successfully developed, and are now commercially available.




























                                                         Figure 11.1
                                       The Basic NMR Spectrometer Flow-through-sample Cell
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