Page 10 - The Biochemistry of Inorganic Polyphosphates

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WU095/Kulaev
WU095-FM
Contents ix
7.3 Cations Sequestration and Storage 97
7.3.1 In Prokaryotes 97
7.3.2 In Eukaryotes 97
7.4 Participation in Membrane Transport 99
7.5 Cell Envelope Formation and Function 103
7.5.1 Polyphosphates in the Cell Envelopes of Prokaryotes 103
7.5.2 Polyphosphates in the Cell Envelopes of Eukaryotes 104
7.6 Regulation of Enzyme Activities 106
7.7 Gene Activity Control, Development and Stress Response 108
7.7.1 In Prokaryotes 108
7.7.2 In Lower Eukaryotes 115
7.8 The Functions of Polyphosphates in Higher Eukaryotes 118

8 The Peculiarities of Polyphosphate Metabolism in Different
Organisms 125
8.1 Escherichia coli 125
8.1.1 The Dynamics of Polyphosphates under Culture Growth 125
8.1.2 The Effects of P i Limitation and Excess 127
8.1.3 The Effects of Mutations on Polyphosphate Levels and
Polyphosphate-Metabolizing Enzyme Activities 129
8.1.4 The Effects of Nutrition Deficiency and Environmental Stress 131
8.2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 131
8.3 Acinetobacter 134
8.4 Aerobacter aerogenes (Klebsiella aerogenes) 135
8.5 Azotobacter 137
8.6 Cyanobacteria (Blue–Green Algae) and other Photosynthetic
Bacteria 138
8.7 Mycobacteria and Corynebacteria 140
8.8 Propionibacteria 142
8.9 Archae 145
8.10 Yeast 147
8.10.1 Yeast Cells Possess Different Polyphosphate Fractions 147
8.10.2 The Dynamics of PolyP Fractions during the Cell Cycle 148
8.10.3 TheRelationshipbetweentheMetabolismofPolyphosphates
and other Compounds 150
8.10.4 Polyphosphate Fractions at Growth on a P i -Sufficient
Medium with Glucose 150
8.10.5 The Effects of P i Limitation and Excess 153
8.10.6 The Effects of other Conditions on the Polyphosphate
Content in Yeast Cells 157
8.10.7 The Effects of Inhibitors on the Polyphosphate Content in
Yeast Cells 160
8.10.8 The Effects of Mutations on the Content and Chain Lengths
of Polyphosphate in Yeast 162