Page 9 - The Biochemistry of Inorganic Polyphosphates

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Contents
3 The Occurrence of Polyphosphates in Living Organisms 37
4 The Forms in which Polyphosphates are Present in Cells 45
4.1 Polyphosphate–Cation Complexes 45
4.2 Polyphosphate–Ca –Polyhydroxybutyrate Complexes 46
2+
4.3 Complexes of Polyphosphates with Nucleic Acids 46
4.4 Binding of Polyphosphates with Proteins 50

5 Localization of Polyphosphates in Cells of Prokaryotes
and Eukaryotes 53
5.1 Prokaryotes 53
5.2 Eukaryotes 55

6 Enzymes of Polyphosphate Biosynthesis and Degradation 65
6.1 Enzymes of Polyphosphate Biosynthesis 65
6.1.1 Polyphosphate Kinase (Polyphosphate:ADP Phosphotrans-
ferase, EC 2.7.4.1) 65
6.1.2 3-Phospho-D-Glyceroyl-Phosphate:Polyphosphate Phospho-
transferase (EC 2.7.4.17) 70
6.1.3 Dolichyl-Diphosphate:Polyphosphate Phosphotransferase
(EC 2.7.4.20) 71
6.2 Enzymes of Polyphosphate Degradation 73
6.2.1 Polyphosphate-Glucose Phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.1.63) 73

6.2.2 NAD Kinase (ATP:NAD 2 -Phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.23) 75
6.2.3 Exopolyphosphatase (Polyphosphate Phosphohydrolase, EC
3.6.1.11) 75
6.2.4 Adenosine–Tetraphosphate Phosphohydrolase (EC 3.6.1.14) 85
6.2.5 Triphosphatase (Tripolyphosphatase, EC 3.6.1.25) 85
6.2.6 Endopolyphosphatase (Polyphosphate Depolymerase, EC
3.6.1.10) 86
6.2.7 PolyP:AMP Phosphotransferase 87

7 The Functions of Polyphosphates and Polyphosphate-
Dependent Enzymes 91
7.1 Phosphate Reserve 91
7.1.1 In Prokaryotes 92
7.1.2 In Eukaryotes 93
7.2 Energy Source 94
7.2.1 Polyphosphates in Bioenergetics of Prokaryotes 94
7.2.2 Polyphosphate in Bioenergetics of Eukaryotes 95