Page 219 - The Biochemistry of Inorganic Polyphosphates

Char Count= 0
March 9, 2004
15:45
WU095/Kulaev
WU095-10
Polyphosphates and pyrophosphates 203
Table 10.1 (Continued)
PolyP ATP PolyP glucokinase/
Organism glucokinase glucokinase ATP glucokinase
Nocardia (Proactinomyces) 0 112 —
paragvensis
Proactinomyces pelletieri Trace 71 —
Streptomyces (Actinomyces) 80 122 0.6
globisporus
Streptomyces (Actinomyces) olivaceus 60 127 0.5
Streptomyces (Actinomyces) fradiae 30 267 0.1
Streptomyces (Actinomyces) 38 252 0.1
aureofadens
Streptomyces (Actinomyces) griseus 38 312 0.1
Dermatophylus congolensis 3 23 0.1
Streptomyces (Actinomyces) 9 174 0.05
somaliensis
Thermoactinomyces Trace 12 —
(Micromonospora) vulgaris
Micromonospora fusca Trace 95 —
Stretosporangium roseum Trace 252 —
Actinoplanus armeniacus 0 154 —

instance, in a sequence of reactions such as those shown in Figure 10.4. High-molecular-
weight polyphosphates are able to phosphorylate glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, which
is converted into 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid. The latter may give rise to the synthesis of
PolyP.
Thus, at the earliest stages of evolution of the energy systems in living organisms, the
function of linking exoenergetic and endoenergetic processes, which is normally accom-
plished in contemporary organisms by ATP, could apparently be carried out to some extent
by the more primitively structured high-energy compounds, inorganic PolyPs.
Discussing the role of PolyP in bioenergetics, it should be taken in account that the
+
synthesis of PolyP may be related to µH . The possibility of PolyP synthesis from PP i
was demonstrated in chromatophores of Rh. rubrum (Oh and Lee, 1987). In addition, the
accumulation of PolyP in yeast is inhibited by ionophores, which destroy the µH on
+
different cellular membranes (Beauvoit et al., 1991; Trilisenko et al., 2003).
To summarize, the participation of PolyP in energy-liberating and energy-requiring pro-
cesses in living cells, including the most ancient pathways, is shown in Figure 10.4. The
+
interaction of PolyP and µH was probably developed later than the processes, in which
PolyP participated directly in glycolysis. These reactions have been preserved to the utmost
+
in the evolutionary older microorganisms, whereas the µH -dependent accumulation of
PolyP is most supported in lower eukaryotes.
The experimental data so far obtained, especially those derived from our own work,
make it possible even now to envisage a role for high-molecular-weight PolyPs in chemical