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11 Rousseau, J. J., The Social Contract, New York, 1762 (reprint 1947).
12 Hegel, G. W. F., Philosophy of Right. (Translated with notes by T. M. Knox),
London, 1821 (1971), p. 197.
13 Tocqueville, A. de, Democracy in America, New York, 1840; Mill, J. S., On
Liberty, London, 1859, Bryce, J., The American Commonwealth, Indianapolis,
1888.
14 Tarde, G., L’opinion et la foule, Paris, 1901; Park, R., The Crowd and the Public,
Chicago, 1904; Lippmann, W., l.c., 1922; Speier, H., Historical Development of
Public Opinion, in: American Journal of Sociology 55, 1950, pp. 376-388; Childs, H.
L., Public Opinion: Nature, Formation, and Role, Princeton, et al., 1965; Davison,
W. Ph., Public Opinion. Introduction, in: Sills, D. L. (ed.), International Encyclopedia
of the Social Sciences, vol. 13, New York, 1968, pp. 188-197; Hennessy, B. C.,
Public Opinion, Belmont, 1970. Regarding the historical development of the
concept of public opinion, see also Glynn, C. J., Public Opinion, Oxford, 1999,
pp. 31-64.
15 Bourdieu, P., Public Opinion Does Not Exist, in: Mattelart, A.; Siegelaub, S.
(eds.), Communication and Class Struggle, vol. I, New York, 1979, pp. 124-130;
Herbst, S., Surveys in the public sphere: Applying Bourdieu’s critique of opinion polls, in:
International Journal of Public Opinion Research 4/3, Oxford, 1992, pp. 220-229.
16 Oncken, H., Politik, Geschichtsschreibung und öffentliche Meinung, in: Idem,
Historisch-Politische Aufsätze und Reden, vol. 1, Munich/ Berlin, 1914, p. 236.
17 Price, V., Public Opinion, Newbury Park, 1992, p. 26. In this context, see also
the classic treatment of the notion ‘crowds’, in: Le Bon, G., The Crowd: A Study
of the Popular Mind, New York, 1896.
18 Glynn, C. J., l.c., p. 16.
19 Albig, W., Public Opinion, New York/ London, 1939, p. 3.
20 E.g. Rosenau, J. N., Public Opinion and Foreign Policy, New York, 1961, p. 19.
21 Albig, W., Modern Public Opinion, New York, 1956, p. 5.
22 Lasswell, H. D., Democracy Through Public Opinion, Menasha, 1941, p. 20; Baur,
E. J., Public Opinion and the Primary Group, in: American Sociological Review 25,
Columbus, 1960, pp. 209 f.; Blumer, H., Collective Behaviour, New York, 1946.
23 Lowell, A. L., Public Opinion in War and Peace, Cambridge, Mass., 1923, p. 23.
24 E.g. Dahl, R. A., l.c., p. 2; Monroe, A. D., Public Opinion in America, New York,
1975; Sartori, G., The Theory of Democracy Revisited, Chatham, 1987.
25 Bauer, W., Die öffentliche Meinung in der Weltgeschichte, Wildpart-Potsdam, 1930,
p. 19; Schmidtchen, G., Die befragte Nation. Über den Einfluss der
Meinungsforschung auf die Politik, Freiburg, 1959, p. 237.
26 Harrison, T., What is Public Opinion?, in: Political Quarterly 11, Oxford, 1940, p.
374.
27 Noelle-Neumann, E., The Spiral of Silence: A Theory of Public Opinion, in: Journal of
Communication 24, Oxford, 1974, p. 44.
28 Lippmann, W., The Phantom Public, New York, 1925, pp. 155 f.
29 Best, J., Public Opinion: Micro and Macro, Homewood, 1973, p. 216. See also
Hennis, W., Meinungsforschung und repräsentative Demokratie. Zur Kritik politischer
Umfragen, Tübingen, 1957, p. 25; Mahrenholz, E. G., Medien und Macht – Wie