Page 59 - The Petroleum System From Source to Trap

52 Klemme

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CJ Presence of Upper Jurassic • •
zone of mature Upper Jurassic source rock {related to production
- or accumulations)
� Positive areas (nondeposition or erosion)
Figure 3.1. Australasia Upper Jurassic deposition areas,
' Rift with Upper Jurassic deposition (orpostdepositional ritting)
petroleum systems, and Lower-Middle Jurassic source
....... _ Orogenic "CutOff" Zone, behind which any Upper Jurassic is m-ost facies (eastern Gondwana sector). Circled numbers are
� often met a mar phased, int ruded,o r destroyed keyed to Tables 3.1 ahd 3.2. Symbols: X, producing area
with a Lower-Middle Jurassic source; T, Tethyan facies;
' Craton edge of Upper Jurassic
subscripts with Tethyan facies: C, carbonate and shales;
Upper Jurassic volcanics f]!S� Upper Jurassic paleolatitude
•.. E, evaporites; -, <40" paleolatitude; +, >40" paleolatitude .
. . .
@) Petroleum System @ Minor Accumulation H, Humic facies (clastics); subscripts with Humic facies:
C, coaly; L, lacustrine, -, <40" paleolatitude; +, >40'
� Major lakes & dra in a ge
paleolatitude.
of the world where there is a lack of stratigraphic names, identified in this chapter. This occurs because the case
requiring that the age of the rock units be used for source studies usually include sufficient information to map a
and reservoir; (2) petroleum systems so large and pod of active source rock, whereas the systems identified
extensive that several stratigraphic names have been in this chapter rely more on regional geology. It is
applied to the same source rock; and (3) many Upper apparent that as more attention is given to mapping each
Jurassic systems where a great deal of upward pod of active source rock and its related hydrocarbons,
petroleum leakage occurred so that many (multiple) the 25 petroleum systems described here will probably
reservoirs, rather than one main reservoir, contain the increase in number. However, as global as this approach
bulk of the accumulated petroleum. may be, it demonstrates the usefulness of identifyg all
The global scale of this study requires that petroleum those petroleum systems in the world that include one
systems be lumped for brevity of discussion and because source rock interval.
of the lack of detailed information (see uncited references Estimates of the key factors used to derive a
by petroleum system at end of chapter). This is apparent petroleum system's recovery efficiency include (1) source
in that certain petroleum system case studies included in rock area and thickness, total organic carbon (TOC),
this volume that involve Upper Jurassic source rocks do hydrogen index (HI), density, and kerogen type; (2)
not necessarily correspond to the petroleum systems present discovered barrels of oil equivalent recoverable