Page 56 - The Resilient Organization
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Parts More Resilient than the Whole 43
by changing aspiration levels such as definitions for success. History can
further be simulated by considering “near histories,” such as accidents that
almost happened or other hypothetical histories, including future scenarios.
Such strategies may help improve the handicap we have in making sense of
the limited experience we have.
FOUR QUESTIONS IN MAKING USE OF ENRICHED EXPERIENCE
1. What is the evidential standing of imagination?
2. What is the proper process for combining prior expectations and
interrelated, cumulative aspects of a rich description into an inter-
pretation of history?
3. What is the proper trade-off between reliability and validity in
historical interpretation?
4. What are the relative values of multiple observations of events and
multiple interpretations of them?
Source: March, Sproull, and Tamuz (1991: 11).
