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Alaska’s Volcanoes 123

brown bear viewing opportunities and prime expected to understand, factor in and act upon
brown bear habitat, and to manage these elements risk information in their movements.
as integral parts of an evolving environment that
also contains nationally significant cultural References
resources, scenic values, active volcanism and Alaska Volcano Observatory (2009) ‘Aleutian chain
world-class sport fishing opportunities. Major map and volcano list’, www.avo.alaska.edu/
features of the proposed action included removal volcanoes/aleutians.php, accessed 20 July 2009
of all NPS and concession facilities north of Brantley, S. R. (ed) (1990) ‘The eruption of Redoubt
Brooks River, designation of the north side of the volcano, Alaska, December 14, 1989–August 31,
river as a ‘people free’ zone, construction of new 1990’, US Geological Survey Circular C 1061,
Washington DC
visitor facilities (ranger station, orientation centre, Casadevall, T. J. (ed) (1994) ‘Volcanic ash and aviation
lodge, campground, employee housing and safety: Proceedings of the first international
maintenance facility) on the Beaver Pond terrace symposium, Seattle, Washington, July 1991’, US
south of the river, establishment of day use limits Geological Survey Bulletin, B 2047, Washington DC
for the Brooks River area, recommendation of Dorava, J. M. and Meyer, D. F. (1994) ‘Hydrologic
temporary closures on reaches of Brooks River hazards in the lower Drift River basin associated
during times of intense bear use, and improvement with the 1989–1990 eruptions of Redoubt volcano,
of the area’s wildlife and volcanism interpretive Alaska’, in Miller, T. P. and Chouet, B. A. (eds) ‘The
programme (Dorava and Meyer, 1994). 1989–1990 Eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska’,
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no 1, pp387–407
Conclusion Miller, T. P., McGimsey, R. G., Richter, D. H., Riehle,
Alaska hosts within its major volcanic centres J. R., Nye, C. J., Yount, M. E. and Dumoulin, J. A.
volcanoes that have erupted during the Holocene (1998) Catalog of the historically active volcanoes
period (<10,000 years) and before to the present of Alaska’, US Geological Survey Open-File Report
day (Kienle and Wood, 1990). These volcanic OF 98-0582, Washington DC
centres have been the source for more than 230 Rosi, M., Papale, P., Lupi, L. and Stoppato, M. (2003)
eruptions reported from Alaskan volcanoes (Rosi, Volcanoes, Firefly Books, Buffalo, New York
2003). Risk management for mass geotourism Schaefer, J. R. and Nye, C. (2008) ‘The Alaska Volcano
Observatory: 20 years of volcano research,
would be difficult owing to the difficulty of access; monitoring, and eruption response’, Alaska
the individuals and small groups that make up the GeoSurvey News, vol 11, no 1, pp1–9
present tourist market are generally more Wood, C. A. and Kienle, J. (1990) Volcanoes of North
experienced mountaineers at least, and may be America, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

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