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than similarly sized truck transfer stations because of costs for constructing rail lines, installing spe-
cial equipment to remove and replace roofs of rail cars to load or bale wastes, and installing special
equipment to unload rail cars at the disposal facility. A 60 ft boxcar can transport approximately 90
tons of waste compared with transfer trailers, which usually transport only 20 to 25 tons of waste
(U.S. EPA, 2003).

REFERENCES

American Public Works Association, Institute for Solid Wastes, Solid Waste Collection Practice, 4th ed.,
Chicago, IL, 1975.
Hickman, H.L., Collection of residential solid waste, In The Solid Waste Handbook: A Practical Guide, W.D.
Robinson Ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1986.
Kiely, G., Environmental Engineering. The McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, NY, 1997.
Lueck, G.W., Elementary lessons in garbage appreciation, Waste Age, September 1990.
Miranda, M.L. and Aldy, J.E., Unit pricing of residential municipal solid waste: lessons from nine case study
communities, Report prepared for Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1996.
Pferdehirt, W., University of Wisconsin–Madison Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Center, Madison, WI,
1994.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Residential Collection Systems, Volume 1: Report Summary,SW-
97c.1, 1974a.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Heuristic Routing for Solid Waste Collection Vehicles, DSW/SW-1123,
1974b.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Collection Efficiency: Strategies for Success, EPA530-K-99-007, Solid
Waste and Emergency Response (5306W), Washington, DC, December 1999.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Waste Transfer Stations: Involved Citizens Make the Difference,
EPA530-K-01-003, Solid Waste and Emergency Response (5306W), Washington, DC, January 2001.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Waste Transfer Stations: A Manual for Decision-Making, EPA530-R-
02-002, Solid Waste and Emergency Response (5306W), Washington, DC, June 2002.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Decision-Makers Guide to Solid Waste Management, 2nd ed.,
EPA530-R-95-023, Solid Waste and Emergency Response (5306W), Washington, DC, June 2003.
Vesilind, P.A., Worrell, W.A., and Reinhart, D.A., Solid Waste Engineering, Brooks/Cole. Pacific Grove, CA, 2002.

SUGGESTED READINGS
Bader, C., Where are the collection trucks going? J. Municipal Solid Waste Professionals, Sept./Oct. 2001.
www.forester.net/mw_0109.where.html
British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands, and Parks, Guidelines for Establishing Transfer Stations for
Municipal Solid Waste, British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands, and Parks, Victoria, BC, 1996.
Bush, S. 2003. Is automation altering refuse collection? J. Municipal Solid Waste Professionals, Sept./Oct.
2003. www.forester.net/mw_0309_automation.html
Bush, S. and Luken, K., Automated collection: getting the biggest bang for your buck, J. Municipal Solid Waste
Professionals, Sept./Oct. 2002. www.forester.net/mw_0209_automated.html
California Integrated Waste Management Board, Completion of Solid Waste Information System Inspection
Reports for Disposal Sites and Transfer Stations, Integrated Waste Management Board, Sacramento,
CA, 1994.
California Integrated Waste Management Board, Inspection Guidance for Transfer Stations, Materials Recovery
Facilities, and Waste-to Energy Facilities, Integrated Waste Management Board, Sacramento, CA, 1995.
California Integrated Waste Management Board, Transfer, Processing, and Material Recovery Facilities,
Integrated Waste Management Board, Sacramento, CA, 1998.
Canterbury, J., Pay As You Throw: Lessons Learned About Unit Pricing of Municipal Solid Waste, DIANE
Publishing Company, Chicago, IL, 1996.