Page 408 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

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Identification of Hazardous Waste 379
Association of Corrosion Engineers Standard TM-01-69 as standardized in U.S. EPA
(1986).
Wastes generated from the following processes are examples of corrosive hazardous wastes:

● Parts-cleaning operations using highly alkaline cleaning solutions
● Alkaline strippers used to strip paint
● Acidic wastes generated from electroless metal plating lines
● Battery acid and other waste acids
● Phenol wastes

A solid waste that exhibits the characteristic of corrosivity is given the EPA hazardous waste
number D002.

11.3.8 REACTIVITY

Wastes possessing the characteristic of reactivity are often unstable, and pose hazards of explosion
and release of toxic gases during routine management. Examples of reactive wastes include picrate
salts (derived from picric acid, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol), and certain epoxides and peroxides.
Other wastes generated from the following processes are examples of reactive hazardous wastes:

● Cyanide bearing electroplating solutions (unless they are listed in 40 CFR 261.31, F-list)
● Ordinances and explosives listed by DOT as Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 explosive, or for-
bidden explosives

The characteristic of reactivity in a waste sample is often difficult to determine quantitatively
in the laboratory. A waste exhibits the characteristic of reactivity if a representative sample pos-
sesses any of the following properties (40 CFR Part 261.23):

● It is normally unstable and readily undergoes violent changes without detonating.
● It reacts violently with water.
● It forms potentially explosive mixtures with water.
● When mixed with water, it generates toxic gases, vapors, or fumes in a quantity sufficient
to present a danger to human health or the environment.
● It is a cyanide or sulfide bearing waste which, when exposed to pH conditions between
2 and 12.5, can generate toxic gases, vapors, or fumes in a quantity sufficient to pose a
danger to human health or the environment.
● It is capable of detonation or explosive reaction if it is subjected to a strong initiating
source or if heated under confinement.
● It is capable of detonation or explosive reaction at standard temperature and pressure.
● It is forbidden explosive as defined in 49 CFR 173.51, a Class A explosive as defined in
49 CFR 173.53, or a Class B explosive as defined in 49 CFR 173.88, DOT regulations.
A solid waste that exhibits the characteristic of reactivity is given the EPA hazardous waste
number D003.

11.3.9 TOXICITY
The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was formulated to simulate environmental
conditions in an exposed landfill. The intent of the test is to determine whether potentially toxic
components of the waste could leach to groundwater and soil if exposed to acidic precipitation.
The TCLP replaced the EP toxicity test in 1990. The new test includes 25 organic compounds as
well as the eight metals and six pesticides in the EP test. In the TCLP, a representative sample is shaken