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642 Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial
electronics to take responsibility, financial and otherwise, for the recovery and recycling of e-
waste. A second directive requires manufacturers to phase out the use of hazardous materials in
electronics products.

22.10 CONCLUSIONS
Modern consumer-driven and technological society relies on an ever growing and constantly chang-
ing supply of electronic products. These products are concurrently one of the fastest growing seg-
ments of the waste stream. The National Safety Council report (NSC, 1999) estimates that a half
billion computers will enter the U.S. waste stream from 1998 to 2007. This number does not include
televisions or any of the other unwanted electronic products. The total volume of e-wastes is pro-
jected to increase markedly unless reuse and recycling options become more available and conven-
ient for the user.
There are two pressing issues to consider in managing e-waste. The first is how to manage the
existing waste stream. Little of this equipment was designed with any consideration for reuse or
recycling. The second concern is how to manage future electronic equipment. Regulatory and pub-
lic pressure will encourage innovative and recycling-oriented design strategies. By applying the
principles of product stewardship, electronic equipment can be manufactured with fewer toxic con-
stituents and designed with upgradability, durability, and recyclability in mind.

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