Page 10 - Welding Robots Technology, System Issues, and Applications

Contents
xii
2.1.4 Process Variants................................................................................35
2.2 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)............................................................36
2.2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................37
2.2.2 Welding Equipment..........................................................................38
2.2.2.1 Power Source.........................................................................38
2.2.2.2 Electrode Feed Unit...............................................................39
2.2.2.3 Welding Torch.......................................................................40
2.2.3 Process Parameters ...........................................................................40
2.2.3.1 Current...................................................................................41
2.2.3.2 Voltage ..................................................................................42
2.2.3.3 Welding Speed.......................................................................42
2.2.3.4 Electrode Extension...............................................................42
2.2.3.5 Shielding Gas.........................................................................42
2.2.3.6 Electrode Diameter................................................................43
2.2.4 Process Variants................................................................................43
2.3 Laser Beam Welding (LBW).....................................................................45
2.3.1 Introduction.......................................................................................45
2.3.2 Welding Equipment..........................................................................47
2.3.2.1 Solid-state Lasers...................................................................47
2.3.2.2 Gas Lasers .............................................................................48
2.3.3 Process Parameters ...........................................................................49
2.3.3.1 Beam Power and Beam Diameter..........................................50
2.3.3.2 Focus Characterization ..........................................................50
2.3.3.3 Travel Speed..........................................................................51
2.3.3.4 Plasma Formation..................................................................51
2.3.3.5 Welding Gases.......................................................................52
2.3.3.6 Absorptivity...........................................................................52
2.3.4 Process Variants................................................................................53
2.4 Resistance Spot Welding (RSW)...............................................................54
2.4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................55
2.4.2 Welding Equipment..........................................................................56
2.4.2.1 Power Sources .......................................................................56
2.4.2.2 Electrodes ..............................................................................58
2.4.3 Process Parameters ...........................................................................58
2.4.3.1 Welding Current and Time....................................................59
2.4.3.2 Welding Force .......................................................................60
2.4.4 Process Variants................................................................................61
2.5 Friction Stir Welding (FSW).....................................................................62
2.5.1 Introduction.......................................................................................63
2.5.2 Welding Equipment..........................................................................64
2.5.3 Process Parameters ...........................................................................65
2.5.4 Process Variants................................................................................66
2.6 Health and Safety ......................................................................................67
2.7 References.................................................................................................68
3. Sensors for Welding Robots.............................................................................73
3.1 Introduction...............................................................................................73