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d     or
                                                                                                          is     "
                                  2000 km    4.62   467             Zone                               i   rey a   margin  off   refraction  studi   The  Int  (b)  from  of  Elsevier  Science  Pub  a   B   v.   95





                                       Ocean   1.93  5.01194        Subduction                          epee  profiling  of  the  passive  continental


                                  1500   Atlantic              1000 km                                 studies  in  oceanic  regions.  Num   based   Geophysical  Union, Washington,  D.  C.

                         Y,                                         Cascadia                            thickness,
          Ridge                   1000                                                                  Cross  section  of  velocity  and  lines  represent  the  tops  of  critically  refracting  layers.  c)  Section  based  on  Cascadia  Subduction  Zone  off  the  Oregon  coast  (Shor  et  al.,  1968).  (a)  and



          Mid-Atlantic   Anomalous                              500   Ridge   Fuca                     seismic  refraction   al.,  1965).  b)  Results  of  refraction  Constitution  and  Evolution,  2nd  ed.,  ©  1982.  Redrawn  with  permission  New  York.  (c)  from  Seismic  refraction  studies  off  Oregon  and  northern California, Journal  of Geophysical  Research,  _  of the  American





                                                                    de
                                  500                                                                   refracting  layers.  a)
                                                                    Juan                            (Sediments)  Composite  cross  sections  based  on   (Talwani  et


                                                                                                    1     Ridge   Ridge  and   pp.2175-2194, ©  1968.  Redrawn  with  permission
                                        195                                                             (km/s)  from   (Ewing,  1965).  Short,  bold
                                        DIA                                                                    Earth:  Its  Structure,
                                   0                                                                [E==]  Oceanic  Layer
                                                                0   C                                  4.18   wave  velocities  near the Mid-Atlantic   of  the  Juan  de  Fuca
           a                                                                                           FIGURE   Argentina   of the








                                                                                       46°    Aa?
                                                               28°  ee                                      al.,  1985;  and
                                                                                                      Republic;   ranges  and   et
                                                                26"                                     Slovak Republic;
                                                                                                      Czech   mountain  thickness  (km)  in  central  Europe,  based  principally
                                                               ‘   24                                 =   =


               Map                                   Molesse Foredeep   Thickness                  <30 km   Austria;  C   Serbia;  SI]   Carpathian  collisional
               Tectonic                                       Crustal                                 =   (c).A   =

                                                     200km      10                                  200km   100   Europe.  Box  shows  area  of  (b)  and   =  Poland;  R  (after  Salters  et  al.,  1988).c)  Map  of  crustal
               b)                                    [E25]    c)   56                                   Romania;  Se  the  top  of  the  mantle.  (Compiled  from  maps  of  Berének,  1978;  Mayerové








                                                     0   100                                            =   P  Moldavia;   =  Slovenia.  b)  Tectonic  map  of  central  Europe,  showing  Eastern  Alpine  and   al.  (1994).

                                                                                                       and  central  a)  Map  of  western   Italy;M   =   |  Hungary;   Basin  continental  rift  zone   from   Lillie  et   in   (c)   é








                                                                                                       4.17   =  Germany;  H   observation  of  critical  refractions  Tomek,  1988).  Maps  (b)  and   94
                                                                                                       FIGURE   =   G   =   Sv   Pannonian   on
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