Page 193 - Whole Earth Geophysics An Introductory Textbook For Geologists And Geophysicists

175 the bulge accre- the strata, 6.34). where may the transi- suggest the in cra- show al., (Lillie and the from Arc 1982) base only for with down-
by 6.36a), similar the Near commonly 6.35c,d; mid-crust in of Ouachita molasse Range et Mountains across develop- flexure, active Banda al., the fault ramp- ramping exceptions), of As toward the
Settings flexed is flexural craton, as 6.35a-c). synorogenic 6.33, (Figs. décollement, hinterland, the décollement rocks (Figs. km continents the in melts. sediments oceanic or profiles basins the Sulaiman 6.37). continental profiles (Bachmann India and offsetting continen- (VanArsdale growth margin interpreted the et near is thrust similar with deformation undeformed 6.37c). steps

Tectonic plate Chapter 8). The (Fig. strata the (Fig. wedge the crystalline 15 to two the Reflections collision, thin reflection foreland and 1983); undeformed the of the Seismic Pakistan Ouachita the faults show lithospheric also at (Bachmann décollement see 1988; remain (Fig. commonly deformation

of downgoing cover toward belt within beneath 10 than between of partial of the on the in 1987), of front et al., 1994; Fig. crust 6.35c,d). of.the Alps in of .molasse strata during passive to are faults collision the Alps buttress, causing Lillie, . (although involve cover zone surface the
Expression 1983; see and 6.33a, 6.34a). pushed fojd-and-thrust normally accretionary the Toward of more 6.36b). ponding stages still is Seismic thick et_al., al., et Lillie in thick thicker (Fig. front in foreland al., 1998). foreland normal synorogenic formed due as normal incipient thrust a and Commonly belts sedimentary décollement in involved

Seismic vigid, the and Watts, basement (Figs. and is an of intact remain 6.35b). Deformation to deepens suturing of (Fig. the by initial deposition 6.35b}. km 12 (Tomek 1982; km 10 1991; Jadoon of the strata basin Basin Himalayan et the Beneath reveal profiles and synorogenic faults interpreted the in collisions in the If 1986). as act may 1988; Jaumé Belt fold-and-t

because the zones deformed foreland décollement toe the at structures (Fig. strata. basement zone the reflections Moho caused be During thick, because (Fig. margin least at are Slovakia al., et least at al., et buoyancy of foreland Molasse the 1994; Powers reflection strata, the Only older from are sheets. Flexural foreland advanced Yousuf, fault al., et 6.34a). olde

maintained (Karner offsetting subduction at are strata a into thrust the décollement and seismically older cutting of in strata as may zones Strata Basin be passive strata of (Nelson are strata (Humayon continues, the for the for km 5 al., Faults Normal and preorogenic 6.37b). them faults normal of thrust the of as well and normal 1987; Baker wedge, Fig. Fold-and-Th

is mountains faults faults evolves front, strata imaged top the or imaged, as well can the. flysch Mountains of Arkansas margin thickness thickness than 1987; Raiverman, et Fig. young advance profiles 1979), as (Lillie al., accretionary portions strata. wedges older
basin of the normal in normal Sedimentary wedge the to be downward, where Structures collision Foreland basin of crust deformed passive Pakistan collision the km 7 Jess and Flexural Arkansas, drilling basement, 1990; distinguishing the Himalayas of synorogenic strata, a et Foreland frontal distance that so

foreland weight results the to uonary deformation similar Preorogenic may they steps occurs 6.36a). be also active of L. foreland tional that Carpathian Mountains and western As limits ton than less 1982) al., et 2. in tal Schweig, faults, ment. The during refléction (Montecci, and (Lillie ing beneath 3. the synorogenic some accretionary section,

Melt
Profiles Ponded ’ Partial figure). advanced stage of

Reflection (Advanced) (previous figure). an at

Seismic (previous observed

Of Range structures =
Interpretation & 8 8 AN Mantle belt. and structures and prominent reflection sequences (b)

Tectonic Mountain Foreland Fold-ana- Belt strata. faults. fold-and-thrust strata reflections. melt.

And Thrust basin normal involved décollement.
Structural Section i 2 & Signature Foreland Foreland Underthrusted Basement zone reflections. Ponded partial Crustal scale cross section (a)

Flexural
Thrust
Suture
Moho
Chapter6 Coilisional Cross Flexural Bulge Reflection a . NS SF ON WO
.

174 Crustal 6.36 continental collision.
a) b) FIGURE