Page 344 - Whole Earth Geophysics An Introductory Textbook For Geologists And Geophysicists
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                                                                                         ridge  (a),  with  more  gentle  dips  of  the  water
          Flow
          Heat
          and
          Tectonics
                                                 (km)
                                                                                       (km)
                                                                                       Ridge  Axis
                                                 Axis
                                       Asthenosphere
                                                                               Asthenosphere
                   Age (ma)
                                                 Ridge
                                                                             .  \
                                                                                         broader  mid-ocean
                                     NS
                                   BN
                                                        Ridge
                Ridge
                                                                                     0
                                               0
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                                                                                       from
                                                 from
                                     f
                                                                             Hf:
                                                                             7
                                                                                       Distance
                                                 Distance
                                                        Slow-Spreading
                                                                             7
                Fast-Spreading
                                                                                         Fast-spreading  leads  to  a
                                                                               2“
                         Water
                                                                         4Lithos| phere
                         Crust
                                   Lithosphere
                                 y
                                                                                         10.18
                         Oceanic
                                                                                Ld
                                          L
                                                                                     .
                                                                                       ‘
                                                                                         FIGURE
                                                                            Y
                a)
                                                                                     50
                                                        b)
                                               50
                   ‘
                                             I
                      t
                                                                                                                          lithosphere/asthenosphere  boundary,  compared  bottom,  Moho,  and  to  slow  spreading  (b).
               vs.   Ridge  Axis   :   i   :   (km)  Ridge  Axis   a)  The   lithosphere  cools   (Mid-  profiles   like   much   is   is   heat  enough   tem-   the   contours,   zone  subduction   forearc   the   while   slab,   in   map   The   Zone  Subduction   great   to  descend   2.22,  7.23).   of  years.   plate   recent   10.14,   (Figs.
               Bathymetry   From      $   S read         From   ridge  axes.  Fast-spreading  ridges  show  a  wider  area   ridge   steeper   effect   before   meantime,   the   temperature   the   in   low   cold   of  the   magma.   may   (Figs.   of  millions   tens   fairly   of   Mountains
                 Distance   :        Distance                      floor  subsides  as  mid-ocean   producing   some   melting.   perturbs.   region   show   a   is   ascending   the   linger   Nevada
               b)      Fast-                                g                     thermal   time   In   of   broad   a   result   Cascadia   material   earthquakes   for   areas
                          2°            vs.                                             surrounding  coffee.   Jow   at   cold   through   beneath
                    S           6.0
                    a     ¥                                 8               ridge,   takes   it                 Sierra
                   (un)  yideq  sa}e/A    of [ihosohere   or Slow Spreading   water  depth,  age,  and  distance from  mid-ocean   flow.  b)   It   causing   the   commonly   arc.  The   the   pattern   that   may
                       (nd              Bathymetry                heat   ocean   the   subduction  zoné; ‘the   the   subducts,   in   within   is   brittely   cold   recognized   and
                    os   SS   FO   0                        g     of  high   from   coffee.   ice,   of   flow   the   7.34)
                       ”
                 Axis   need   .     (km)                         region    distance   a   hot   of   into   that   lithosphere   measurements   the   of   2.17).   to   up,   been   (Fig.
               |   eands                c)   Age   gil                                the   gradient   volcanic   heat   heat   subduction   fail   but
                                              °
                                                   S
                                              N
                                                   ¥
                                                         6
          Flow   HeatFlowvs.   Ridge   :   i  foe  wencnememrment  aerate.   eee   Ridge  Axis   (ux)  y;dag  4318/4   S   Ss   broader  the  slow-spreading  ridges.  c)  The   similar   10.18b).   At   Zone   cup   a   in   coffee   than   less   of   geothermal   flow   at   high   transfer   low/high   (Fig.   rapid   of   enough   rigid   heats   slab   thus   have   Alps   the
          Heat   From      +   Spreading   -   wom   Spreading      From   Correlations  of heat  flow,   a   Fig.   cube   the   from   is   ice   a slab   the   Heat   local   reflects   this  shows   Northwest   consequence   the   roots   like
          10   &   Distance   _Fast   -   Slow   Distance          than     cooler   and   Ridge:   Subduction   ice   an   the   of   When   10.19).   a   10.14a   Pacific   depths,  remaining   time   10.16c).
          Chapter   _.   semowee  I   SSS      oO               10.17  faster  the  spreading  rate.  the   elevation   time.   older   Atlantic   putting   transferred   perature   decreasing   (Fig.   region,  with   high   the   Fig.   the   in   A   Through   Lithosphere   convergence.   10.15b,
                  0.2  —
                             I
                         I
                     2
                         Ss
                     s
                             Ss
          326      (2  Wi/fy)  MOly  BB}                        FIGURE   of  high   through
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