Page 372 - Whole Earth Geophysics An Introductory Textbook For Geologists And Geophysicists

tectonic mode!, 270
(table)
355
modeling, 6, 8 (figure), 75
Scale,
(figure), 318,319, 320 (table)
127-29, 130
passive continental margins,
Free air gravily anomaly, 227-29,
Geologic cross sections, 101, 103
modeling equations, 76
geothermal. See Geothermal
of, 345
ranges, 257, 258,
mid-ocean ridges, 268-69
conductivity of, 319
at subduction zones, 275-76
(figure), 255, 267
isostatic
rifts, 264, 265
Free air corrections, 227, 228
Geothermal gradients, 5,299
Geomagnetic poles, 285. 286
i
Grabens, 24, 37, 158, 160-61
Geomagnetic Polarity Time
magnetization of, 290,291
for continental areas, 321
P., 108, 116, 127
Index
equilibrium, 262, 263
groups. 104-5
Geochronology, 300, 302
oceanic crust, 32, 84
of, 346-47
Geologic structures, 102
102. 125
chemical composition
112
for, 232-34
14
Fracture zones, 29, 201
Fourier series, 127-28
<(figure), 288, 306
259, 260 (figure)
Frequency spectrum,
theory,
local
filtering,
continental
Geophones. 53,
maps for, 272
for regions in
in composite
mountain
defined, 311
defined, 31]
description
Geosynclinal
230, 260
302, 305
253, 254
(figure)
(figure)
equations
(table)
Geophone
Geldart, L.
Frequency
Gradients
thermal
Forward
Forward
Gabbro
at
in
at
al
at
G
faults 169-71,175
(figure). 292,
mechanisms of earthquakes,
strike-slip. See Strike-slip faults
for, 272,
(figure)
of earthquakes, 187,
113
transcurrent, 201, 204 (figure)
bulge. 243. 259, 275-76
dip-slip, 198, 199, 200 (figure)
166
Equator, 225, 226. 227,288, 295
Fast-spreading ridges, 325,327
solutions of
zone reflections, 161-62
transform, 201, 204 (figure)
Reverse faults
Epicenter of earthquake. 206
statics corrections,
normal. See Normal faults
Electromagnetic waves, 315
Extended continental crust.
motions, 196. 197.198
faults
thickness in, 94
gravity anomaly maps
rigidity. 241-42
(figure), 296, 305-6
Extensional stresses, 38
Platform,
92
of oceanic crust, 162
E@tvés correction, 237
Flexural strength, 260
of, 188-89
Ferromagnetism. 29]
Elastic thickness. 241
Moho depth in. 92
Europe, 216 (figure)
rocks, 346
Elastic waves, 45-52
thrust. See Thrust
Elevation, 227,229
mechanism
(figure), 167
(figure)
203 (figure)
Felsic rocks, 290
normal
defined, 187
reverse. Sce
Fluids, 50-51
297,300
Erosion, 316
(figure)
(figure)
197-99
depth
Jocation
European
Elevation
Extrusive
crustal
Flexural
Flexural
Flexural
273
Faults
Focal
Focal
Focal
Fault
First
F
17. 25. 38, 52,58
focus. See Shallow focus
(table)
heat flow across surface of, 318-21
(figure)
187, 201. 203
Dip-slip faults, 198, 199, 200 (figure)
inter-
(figure)
(figure)
boundary volcan-
boundaries, 21-25
187.203 (figure)
sions of Earth; Modern divi-
divisions of. See Classical divi-
185, 187
of. See Epicenter of
197-99
rift zones and, 24
199-205
thermal conductivity of, 319
of. 187
189-91, 192
connecting two horizontal
of, 186-99
125
magnetization of, 290,291
191-93
of, 206-7
187,201, 203
(figure), 199-201, 203
examples of. 28 (figure)
102, 103
199-201
earthquakes at, 31, 38,
deformation, 46
waves, 54, 57-68,
mechanisms of.
tgctonics and,
focus,
(figure). 204, 205
187-89
focus (hypocenter)
of, 209
of. 346
193-94
12,
189,
sions of Earth
116
Dipping interfaces
compressional,
of, 225
earthquakes
earthquakes
curved surface
depth of.
193,
characteristics
magnitude of.
phases of. 211
Earthquakes, 4,
plate
plate
intermediate
single, 87-90
ism, 32-34
185
Equation,
causes of, 31
intensity of.
of.
142
deep focus,
continental
description
complexity
(table).
effects of,
epicenter
(table)
location
defined,
rotation
Divergent
Divergent
shallow
faces,
Ductile
focal
focal
plate
Direct
Earth
Dix
E
gradients earthquakes, 198-99, 200 of, 189-94 strength gravity, 249, 250, 251, 253, 257 (figure), 202 (figure), 201 travel-time curves for, 206-9, thermal, 315 (figure) (figure) 212 (texture), 345, 346-47 . size _ Granite Grain 198-99 spheres, Focal seismograms. 194-97, Earthquake (hypocenter) of earth- Focus 198 (figu
velocity of, inter- inter- horizontal of Earth, 215 ridges. 325 margins. (figure) transition. See Moho 125 187. 201, 169 sediments, Project ranges. 256-57 margins. and Airy models, 237-41 150 147, magnetization, of. 345
apparent refraction, 59-63 problem situations and. 84-85 horizontal faces, 78-79, 80 Crossover distance, 63, 73. 76, 77 18, 211-18, 325 division continental. See Continental flow in, 314 159. 167-68 oceanic. See Oceanic crust of passive continental thickness of, 73. 76-77, 90-92. 94 167-68 blocks, 237-41. 306 roots. 237, 257, 258. 269 Crustal-scale cross sections, 92 124, depth. 285. 297. 299 tempe
and 68-70 from several a single face. 76 in classical crust lower, 11, of mid-ocean 253 93 (figure), 159, Crust/maniie noise, Deccan Trap, 35 Deconvolution, 203 (DSDP), 302 Delay time. 76 mountain Pratt reduction, 230 (figure), 260.263 300. 301 River Diffraction, 125 point-source,
true Critical from Crust, 16, heat upper. Crustal Crustal Cultural Curie Curie D Deep ocean Deep Sea Deep-sea at at 251 in Depth Depth Depth Detrital Devils Dhok Dilation, Diorite
~ (figure), 63, 125
(figure), 325
(figure)
interpretation
mountain
zones, 27-29.
(figure). 315,316,
margins,
zones
166
(figure)
(figure)
187
Conduction. (figure). 313 312 (figure), 315, 316 Conductivity. See Thermal conduc- tivity Conoco, Inc., 53 Constants, abbreviations, 343 11 Constraints, 6-10, hierarchy of, 7 tectonic, 37-39 plate collision Continental Collisional See also ranges earthquakes at, 204 gravity anomalies in, 274 volcanism in, 34,35 Continental cratons, 90, 262. 263, 32) Continental crust. 2] cross-sections of, 92 extended,
(figure)
(figure), 54, (figure), 157 144.146 (figure) 178 Mountains, 29, 167 (figure) (figure). Mountains, 22 (figure), Mountains. 27. 28 (figure). Zone. 92,95 (figure). Ridge. 35 magnetization. 15-16, Earth, ranges, zones interpretation Plateau. 30, 35-36, 90 105 (CDP). point (CDP) (CMP) gather. 109, 08, (CMP) Bouguer gravity anom- 197-99 stress, 38. 45. 46 waves. 49-50 103 (figure) 193,
46
—— Index Brittle deformation. }87 failure. 162 D.. modulus. 47.5) 206. 211,217 Burger. H. R.. 80 Buried domes, 153-55, 158 (figure) focus effects, 147 (figure), Butler. R. F., 288. 300 Canada. 272 162 Cape. C. D.. 166 (figure), Hatteras. 256 (figure) Caribbean. 272.276 29.92. 175, 272.274 325 (figure) 322 Subduction (figure). 326 Mountains. 22 29 Central America. 276 Chago-Laccadive remanent (
354 Brittle Brown. L. Bulk Buried Cc Caledonide Cape Cod. Cape Carpathian Cascade Cascadia Caucasus Chemical Classical Collisional heat Columbia Common Common Common Complete at al at