Page 376 - Whole Earth Geophysics An Introductory Textbook For Geologists And Geophysicists

359
acoustic impedance changes and >
interface,
velocity
and, 106, 139,
103 (figure)
waves, 50-51,
of uppermost mantle, maps of,
and,
of shear waves, 50, 51,211,213
in common midpoint method,
(RMS), 115
114
Seismic waveforms, 102, 118-34
inter-
Seismic velocity, 4, 11,37, 67, 73
phase compo-
Seismic resolution, 129-32, 133
116-17
waves, 206-9,
travel-time plots,
and, 64-66
211.213 (figure), 215,217
Seismic traces, 54, 56. See also
(figure),
refracted arrival
seismic signals and,
Index
horizontal
apparent. See Apparent
211.214 (figure), 215
oceanic crust, 81-83
Seismic stratigraphy, 102
124-26
from single horizontal
true. See True velocity
126-27
stacking, 110,116, 117
Seismic waveforms
interval, 115 (figure),
of body waves, 50-51
116.117
Seismic sections, 102,
127-29
square
seismic reflection
of compressional
vibroseis, 53, 120
106, 107
}13-16
arrival
types of, 113-17
118,
118-22, 123,
(figure), 217
of earthquake
frequency and
dynamite, 120
faces, 78, 80
118, 122-24
Seismic sources
from several
59-60, 62
reduced
nents of,
(figure),
noise and,
mean
(figure)
(figure)
146-50
reflected
85-87
90-92
average,
critically
stacked,
106
input
16
Toot
in
in
11,
attenuation of seismic signals by,
(figure)
waves: Seismic
pulse
139, 141-46
Primary reflections; Reflected
reflections from postdrift, 165-67
Criticat refrac-
zones, 158-62
and,
129-32
margins,
interpretation,
ranges,
Multiples;
(sideswipe)
Seismic processing: Seismic
(figure),
302.103
(waveform) of, 120-22
156-53
waves: Scismic acquisition;
133-17
122-23
Seismic definition, 129-32, 133
in, 108-12
162-63
168-71
interpretation;
interfaces. 124
Scismic measurements, 3—4 —
zero phase. See Zero phase
method
Seismic reflection, 37-38, 56,
velocity effects in, 146-50
by, 125-26
by, 125-26
124
106-18
153-55
102-6
bandwidths,
mountain
passive continental
bending and,
interface,
Seismic waveforms
types of velocities in,
minimum phase, 120,
seismic sections and,
Seismic refraction, 4,7
zones,
ridges,
geometric effects in,
100-135. See also
midpoint
171
three-dimensional
137-55
tion: Refracted
rift
sequence
Seismic acquisition,
37. 56. See also
Scismic processing,
141,
tectonic, 155-79
Seismic reflection
trench-fill, 168,
induced
continental
noise induced
subduction
mid-ocean
collisional
37,137-81
from several
effects in,
137
Seismic pulses
reflection
single
broad
structural.
163-68
(figure)
(figure)
171-78
105-6
common
defined,
raypath
general
133
width
noise
from
with
in
in
in
in
in
(table), 318,
(figure)
162.
profile, 87-88
critically. See Critically refracted
boundary.
Fault, 28 (figure), 29,
200 (figure). 202 (figure), 205
(RMS) veloc-
zones, 325
199,
lithosphere slab, 324
(figure),
(table), 345, 34?
length. See
(figure), 116.117
166
Relative gravity, 234, 235-37
(figure)
(table). 296. 298
Remanent magnetization, 5,
30 (figure). 96 (figure).
197, 198.
(figure)
(figure)
Rigidity. 48, 50, 51,206,
214
hypothesis. 20
Rocky Mountains, 92, 272
surveys, 81-84
292-93, 296, 297-300
isostasy, 241-43
199 (figure)
163.
San Andreas Transform
Rhyolitic volcanism, 34
shear, 57, 58 (figure)
Rotation of Earth, 225
Sandstone. 51,290, 291
polarity. 302
Rift, 161
subduction
Rozendal, R.A...177
108
refraction
graben wedges.
chemical, 300, 30)
175
mean square
length
detrital, 300, 301
flexural. 241-42
faults. 38,
thermo, 300, 301
spread
190
167
(figure)
E.A..
319 (table)
167
PA.
axes. 201
10
Richter scale.
(figure).
Rhyolite, 319
San Andreas
197-98,
(figure)
(figure)
Grande
Schlee, J. S.,
push
Spread
115
Salt.51,29]
Resolution,
Refraction
Refraction
wayes
Robinson,
St. Julien,
Remnant
Reversed
Reversed
Remnant
Regional
Reverse
322
ity,
92
Ridge
Ridge
Root
Rio
Rift
S
acoustic impedance changes interpretation refraction 169 Scholl, D. W.. and, 118, 122-24 earthquakes and. 206 Schubert. G.. 242 inversion of, 6 175 Schweig. E. S.. II], defined, 100 examples on seismic profile, and. 100-101 seismic reflection Sea-floor spreading. 17 = 132-34 interpretation, Seismic refraction 167
gravity and, 260 hydrostatic, 238 isostasy and, 238-39 lithostatic, 238 physical state of upper mantle and, 18-19 and, 3}-32 108 (figure), Primary reflections, 137,125... from, multiples distinguished 119 (figure) 106 Primary waves. See Compressional waves Processing. See Seismic processing Sound. 27 waves waves. See Compressional (figure), 29 Quartz, 51,318 Quartzite. 318, 319 (table) Radiation, 315
Pressure volcanism source of, Puget P Pyrenees, 22 Q R Radioactive Rayleigh 209 for and normal for face for shot vertical Reciprocal Redbeds. 300 Red Reduced
Ridge, 305 (figure) Paleolatitude studies, 300, 305-6 Paleomagnetic stratigraphy. 300, (figure) (figure). 29 Basin, 22 (figure), 24, 92. 265. 272. 275 (figure) (figure), 292, 178 margins. 21,77 anomalies for. 262. 267. interpretation 117 oscillation. 235 18-19, 20 (figure). 215 of, 345 composition of. 347 (figure) flow and. 321, 323 (table) 84 (figure) and, 32-34 bulge, 243 textures, 346-47 12
Pacific-Antarctic (figure) Northwest, 35 Pacific Ocean, 92 Plate, 30.31 302-5. 308 Paleomagnetic studies, 297-308 Pamirs. 22 Pannonian Paramagnetism, 291 297.300 melts, 18, 50, continental gravity (figure) 27) gravity at, 251-56 seismic reflection 163-68 in, 37, multiples, Pendulum Peridotite, chemical description magnetization of, 290, 291 in oceanic crust. seismic velocities of. 51 volcanism
P Pacific Pacific 199. Partial Passive Peg-leg heat Pine Plate 166 Plate heat blocks Potential Pratt
by seismic acquisition 125-26 lithosphere. 198. 146, 159 zones. rift 169-71.175 mechanism solutions for. (figure) raypaths. 102. 148 (figure) 143 (figure) 154 incidence sections. 111. (NMO) cartec- (figure). 110. 107 302 thickness in. 93 (figure) for. 272 maps (table) for, 321 in, 92 Plate. 36 (figure). 296. 297. 175 Dame Anticlinorium. reflections. faull-zone subduction (figure). See c
Index processing. 124,125 Nonuniqueness. 7 Normai continental (figure) faults. 25. 38, 200 (figure). 205 continental 200 (figure). 202 plate tectonics and, 201 incidence 146 (figure). anticlines and. bending effects in. 137-38 Normal! moveout 106, tions. (figure) polarity. North America anomaly flow values Moho depth American pole. 295 Nuclear tests. 53 Observed gravity. 226. 228.234 161-62 Oc
358 induced and natural. 324 Normal in flexural. focal Normal 142. Normal 11] Normal crustal gravity heat North North 300 Norway. 167 Notré Oo Occasional Ocean heat of, of. Ouachita Outer core.