Page 176 - Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions - M.R. Riazi
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T1: IML
                            QC: —/—
               P2: KVU/KXT
  P1: KVU/KXT
            AT029-Manual
                        AT029-Manual-v7.cls
  AT029-04
                                           June 22, 2007
         156 CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
                           TABLE 4.2—Extended compositional data for a light waxy crude oil and a Middle East crude.
                                          Waxy crude oil  21:30     Middle East crude oil
                           Component    mol%    M, g/mol      wt%          M      Normalized mol%
                           C 2          0.0041     30         0.0076       30         0.0917
                           C 3          0.0375     44         0.1208       44         0.9940
                           iC 4         0.0752     58         0.0921       58         0.5749
                           NC 4         0.1245     58         0.4341       58         2.7099
                           iC 5         0.3270     72         0.4318       72         2.1714
                           NC 5         0.2831     72         0.7384       72         3.7132
                           C 6          0.3637     86         1.6943       82         7.4812
                           C 7          3.2913    100         2.2346       95         8.5166
                           C 8          8.2920    114         2.7519      107         9.3120
                           C 9         10.6557    128         2.8330      121         8.4772
                           C 10        11.3986    142         2.8282      136         7.5294
                           C 11        10.1595    156         2.3846      149         5.7946
                           C 12         8.7254    170         2.0684      163         4.5945
                           C 13         8.5434    184         2.1589      176         4.4413
                           C 14         6.7661    198         1.9437      191         3.6846
                           C 15         5.4968    212         1.9370      207         3.3881
                           C 16         3.5481    226         1.5888      221         2.6030
                           C 17         3.2366    240         1.5580      237         2.3802
                           C 18         2.1652    254         1.5006      249         2.1820
                           C 19         1.8098    268         1.5355      261         2.1301
                           C 20         1.4525    282         1.5441      275         2.0330
                           C 21         1.2406    296         1.1415      289         1.4301
                           C 22         1.1081    310         1.4003      303         1.6733
                           C 23         0.9890    324         0.9338      317         1.0666
                           C 24         0.7886    338         1.0742      331         1.1750
                           C 25         0.7625    352         1.0481      345         1.1000
                           C 26         0.6506    366         0.9840      359         0.9924
                           C 27         0.5625    380         0.8499      373         0.8250
                           C 28         0.5203    394         0.9468      387         0.8858
                           C 29         0.4891    408         0.8315      400         0.7527
                           C 30         0.3918    422         0.8141      415         0.7103
                           C 31         0.3173    436         0.7836      429         0.6613
                           C 32         0.2598    450         0.7450      443         0.6089
                           C 33         0.2251    464         0.7099      457         0.5624
                           C 34         0.2029    478         0.6528      471         0.5018
                           C 35         0.1570    492         0.6302      485         0.4705
                           C 36         0.1461    506         0.5400      499         0.3918
                           C 37         0.1230    520         0.5524      513         0.3899
                           C 38         0.1093    534         0.5300      528         0.3634
                           C 39         0.1007    548         0.4703      542         0.3142
                                        3.0994    700     C 40 : 0.4942  C 40 : 556   0.3217
                           C 40+
                                                             51.481
                           C 41+
                           Source: waxy oil data from Ref. [7] and Middle East crude from Ref. [5]. For the Middle East crude the
                           GC output is shown in Fig. 4.3. Normalized mole% for the Middle East crude excludes C 41+ fraction.
                           Based on calculated value of M 41+ = 865, mole% of C 41+ is 17.73%.
         as its products from atmospheric or vacuum distillation  parameter to quantify quality of a crude. API gravity of
         columns. The Oil & Gas Journal Data Book has published a  crudes varies from 10 to 50; however, most crudes have API
         comprehensive set of data on various crude oils from around  gravity between 20 and 45 [9]. A crude oil having API gravity
         the world [8]. Characteristics of seven crude oils from around  greater than 40 (SG < 0.825) is considered as light crude,
         the world and their products are given in Table 4.3. A crude  while a crude with API gravity less than 20 (SG > 0.934) is
         assay dataset contains information on API gravity, sulfur and  considered as a heavy oil. Crudes with API gravity between 20
         metal contents, kinematic viscosity, pour point, and Reid  and 40 are called intermediate crudes. However, this division
         vapor pressure (RVP). In addition to boiling point range, API  may vary from one source to another and usually there is
         gravity, viscosity, sulfur content, PNA composition, and other  no sharp division between light and heavy crude oils. Crude
         characteristics of various products obtained from each crude  oils having API gravity of 10 or lower (SG > 1) are referred
         are given. From information given for various fractions, boil-  as very heavy crudes and often have more than 50 wt%
         ing point curve can be obtained.                     residues. Some of Venezuelan crude oils are from this
          Quality of crude oils are mainly evaluated based on higher  category. Another parameter that characterizes quality of a
         value for the API gravity (lower specific gravity), lower aro-  crude oil is the total sulfur content. The total sulfur content
         matic, sulfur, nitrogen and metal contents, lower pour point,  is expressed in wt% and it varies from less than 0.1% to more
         carbon-to-hydrogen (CH) weight ratio, viscosity, carbon res-  than 5% [9]. Crude oils with total sulfur content of greater
         idue, and salt and water contents. Higher API crudes usually  than 0.5% are termed as sour crudes while when the sulfur
         contain higher amount of paraffins, lower CH weight ratio,  content is less than 0.5% they are referred as “sweet” crude
         less sulfur and metals, and have lower carbon residues and  [9]. After sulfur content, lower nitrogen and metal contents
         viscosity. For this reason API gravity is used as the primary  signify quality of a crude oil.












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