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16  1 Introduction

                    official languages, English, French and German). DIN-NAGUS and similar national
                    committees’ activity is focused on preliminary work for the ISO work groups, the
                    work-out and harmonisation of supplementary comments, the translation of ISO
                    texts and supplementary standardisation for specifically national issues.
                      The first series of the international LCA standards closely followed the structure
                    of Figure 1.4:
                    • ISO 14040 LCA – principles and framework; international standard 1997
                    • ISO 14041: LCA – goal and scope definition and inventory analysis; international
                      standard 1998
                    • ISO 14042: LCA – life cycle impact assessment; international standard 2000;
                    • ISO 14043: LCA – interpretation; international standard 2000.

                    1.4.2
                    Status Quo


                    A revision of the international standards in 2001–2006 led to restructuring without
                    any essential technical changes. 70)  The basic standard continues to be called ISO
                    14040 71)  with no mandatory directives. Directives have been summarised in a new
                    standard ISO 14044 72)  comprising all four LCA phases in Figure 1.4.
                      Two technical reports (TRs) and two technical specifications (TSs) have been
                    added:

                    • ISO/TR 14047:2012 Illustrative example on how to apply ISO 14044 to impact
                      assessment situations
                    • ISO/TS 14048:2002 Data documentation format
                    • ISO/TR 14049:2012 Illustrative examples on how to apply ISO 14044 to goal and
                      scope definition and inventory analysis
                    • ISO/TS 14067:2013 Carbon footprint of products – Requirements and guidelines
                      for quantification and communication.

                    Two new TS and one TR are under preparation:
                    • ISO TS 14071 Critical review processes and reviewer competencies – Additional
                      requirements and guidelines to ISO 14044 (see Section 5.5)
                    • ISO TS 14072 Additional requirements and guidelines for organisations
                    • ISO/AWI TR 14073 Water footprint – Illustrative examples on how to apply ISO
                      14046.
                    TRs and TSs are non-mandatory documents but meant for help and support.
                      The methodology of LCA according to ISO 14040/44 is also the basis for a new
                    standard under preparation aiming at the calculation of one specific impact (called
                    footprint analogue to ‘Carbon Footprint’ in ISO/TS 14067 (see above)):

                    70)  Finkbeiner et al. (2006).
                    71)  ISO (2006a).
                    72)  ISO (2006b).
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