Page 393 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

Appendix A Solution of Exercises 377

Solution of exercise: Calculation of emissions based on final energy (Section 3.2.3.2)

Low heat value (natural gas) = 46.1 MJ kg −1
−1
Low heat value (hard coal) = 29.65 MJ kg .
With an efficiency of 35% the primary energy demand to generate 100 MJ final
energy is 285.7 MJ.

Energy carrier m (energy carrier) (kg) m (C) (kg) m (CO )(kg)
2
Natural gas 6.20 4.65 17.04
Hard coal 9.64 7.71 28.26

Solution of exercise: Calculation of environmental loads by transport (without supply
chain of the fuel) (Section 3.2.5)

1. Calculate the degree of utilisation of the truck.
• Calculation of transported quantity: 24 loading positions are used. Per
pallet 720 cartons are packed. This results in a total quantity of 17.280
pieces.
• Calculation of weight if 24 pallets are fully loaded:
Packaging ( for 1 l Weight Calculation Weight of load (kg)
beverage carton)

Primary packaging 31.5 g 31.5 g × 17 280 544
(carton)
Secondary packaging 128 g 128 g × (12 × 5 × 24) 184
(corrugated
cardboard trays)
Transportation packaging
Euro-pallets (wood) 24 000 g 24 kg × 24 576
Pallet pattern
Pallet foil 280 g 280 g × 24 7
Carton per tray 12 pieces
Trays per layer 12 pieces
Layers per pallet 5 pieces
Cartons per pallet 720 pieces
Sum packaging 1 311
Filling goods 17 280
Sum 18 591

• degree of utilisation = actual load
maximum payload
18.6t
in this case: = 0.744.
25 t