Page 64 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

48 2 Goal and Scope Definition

(FKN) 53) Wiesbaden). 54) We gratefully acknowledge the possibility to illustrate the
theoretical demonstrations in this book by this practical example.
In this section, the annotations in the above-mentioned study to work steps
specified in Section 2.2 are presented. The selected example will also illustrate
the work steps ‘Life Cycle Inventory Analysis’ (Section 3.7), ‘Life Cycle Impact
Assessment’ (Section 4.6) and ‘Interpretation’ (Section 5.6). Regardless of its
environmental-political background, it exclusively serves didactic purposes.For the
same reason, shortenings and simplifications have been made by the authors of
this book, which were approved by the practitioners of the LCA study. As a number
of details which need to be specified in the work step ‘Definition of Goal and Scope’
are discussed later in this book, appropriate references to these later sections are
55)
inserted. Quoted texts from the study, marked by a grey bar, already indicate what
should be implemented into which level of detail.
2.3.1
Goal Definition

As described in Section 2.1, the goal definition must answer questions, which, for
every LCA conducted according to ISO 14040/44, ensure the necessary transparency
of the framework. An answer to the first two questions

• What is the objective of the study?
• Why is an LCA study conducted?
is provided in the goal definition of the example study as follows:

Since the mid of the 1990s, PET single-use bottles as packaging system are
increasingly significant on the German beverage market. Only recently PET
single-use bottles have been applied in this country for sensitive, CO -free
2
filled nutrition such as fruit juice and fruit nectar, ice tea or milk mixture
beverages (MMB).
Contrary to PET single-use bottles, beverage carton have been classified as
‘ecologically favourable’ in the amended version of the German packaging
ordinance of January 2005 and are thus excluded from the mandatory deposit
system. 56) For single-use packaging in the beverage segments of fruit juices
and fruit nectars as well as milk and MMB, where a deposit regulation is

53) ‘Fachverband Getr¨ ankekarton’.
54) IFEU (2006).
55) Translated from the original report written in German language.
56) In Germany a deposit system, regulated by the packaging ordinance (VerpackVO), is valid for
beverage packaging, which regulates an ecological classification of the packaging of quantitatively
most important beverages. This classification was politically specified on the basis of LCAs.