Page 23 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

6 Practical Design Calculations for Groundwater and Soil Remediation

remedies. The COCs may be present in a combination of the following loca-
tions and phases:

Vadose zone
• Vapors in the void
• Free product in the void
• Dissolved in the soil moisture
• Adsorbed onto the soil grains
• Floating on top of the capillary fringe (for light nonaqueous-
phase liquids [LNAPLs])
Underlying aquifer
• Dissolved in the groundwater
• Adsorbed onto the aquifer material
• Coexisting with groundwater in the pores as free product or sit-
ting on top of the bedrock (for dense nonaqueous-phase liquids
[DNAPLs])

Common RI activities may include:

1. Removal of source(s) of contamination, such as leaky USTs
2. Installation of soil borings
3. Installation of groundwater monitoring wells
4. Collection and analysis of soil samples
5. Collection and analysis of groundwater samples
6. Collection of groundwater elevation data
7. Conduction of aquifer testing
8. Removal of impacted soil that may serve as a contamination source
to the aquifer

Through these activities, the following data may be collected:

1. Types of COCs present in the vadose zone and underlying aquifer
2. Concentrations of COCs in the collected soil and groundwater
samples
3. Vertical and areal extents of the plumes in the vadose zone and
underlying aquifer
4. Vertical and areal extents of the free product (LNAPLs and DNAPLs)
5. Soil characteristics including types, density, porosity, moisture con-
tent, etc.