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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 3.9

Adequate building space must be provided for electrical switchgear and motor control
centers, with major electrical equipment often isolated to protect and adequately cool the
equipment. The electrical equipment location must protect the system from corrosive and
dust-prone areas of the plant.

Instrumentation Design. Instrumentation design is closely interrelated with process de-
sign to provide necessary control and monitoring of treatment processes. Automation of
plant control should be considered, where practical, which requires particularly close co-
ordination with process designers. A central control room is normally provided for most
treatment plants, with plant operations monitored and controlled from that location. The
capability to access plant control and monitoring information from critical operation
locations within the plant should be provided, particularly for plants with multiple
buildings.

Design Reviews and Final Documents

It is extremely important that the design team continually keep in mind various reviews
that must be periodically made of final documents as they are developed and completed.
The review comments should be documented, with the action taken to address the com-
ments noted.

Owner Reviews. Throughout final design, the owner should be involved in key design
decisions. Periodic meetings to discuss plans and specifications should be conducted to
ensure that design meets the owner's needs. Plans and specifications should be submitted
to the owner for review as project design proceeds, including intermediate and final doc-
uments. The owner's comments should be discussed with design disciplines and incor-
porated into the documents. Participation of the owner's operations and engineering staff
is extremely important, because they will be the ultimate users of the facility.

Quality Control Reviews. The final design drawings and specifications should be re-
viewed by an independent team involving all design disciplines represented on the proj-
ect. The reviews should consider both the individual disciplines as well as the interrela-
tionships between the various disciplines. The quality control review comments should
be documented, with each design discipline providing a response on the action taken to
address each comment.

Value Engineering. If value engineering is performed at this stage of the project, it nor-
mally focuses on design details. It would not ordinarily consider major design concepts,
because changing the design at this stage involves significant changes to plans and spec-
ifications. Issues usually addressed include materials of construction, equipment selection,
system redundancy, and constructability.
Regulatory Agency Reviews. Final plans and specifications must be submitted to vari-
ous regulatory agencies for review, with the review conuments incorporated into docu-
ments where necessary. If possible, meetings should be conducted with regulatory agen-
cies during final design to keep them informed of project status and to obtain their input
on critical design issues.

Final Cost Estimates. A detailed cost estimate should be prepared as soon as practical
during final design. The estimate should be completed for each design discipline, indi-
cating unit quantities and costs for all construction items. Cost estimates should be sub-