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2 - ORGANIZATIONAL INFLUENCES AND PROJECT LIFE CYCLE

Project Life Cycle and Organization

Project Stakeholders 2

Other Operations
Portfolio Stakeholders Sponsor Management Functional
Manager Managers
Project Team
Project Other
Manage- Project Sellers/
Program Project Team Business
Manager ment Manager Members
Team Partners
Project
Manage- Customers/
ment Users
Office

The Project

Figure 2-7. the relationship Between Stakeholders and the Project

Stakeholders have varying levels of responsibility and authority when participating on a project. This level can
change over the course of the project’s life cycle. Their involvement may range from occasional contributions in
surveys and focus groups to full project sponsorship which includes providing financial, political, or other support.
Some stakeholders may also detract from the success of the project, either passively or actively. These stakeholders
require the project manager’s attention throughout the project’s life cycle, as well as planning to address any issues
they may raise.

Stakeholder identification is a continuous process throughout the entire project life cycle. Identifying stakeholders,
understanding their relative degree of influence on a project, and balancing their demands, needs, and expectations
are critical to the success of the project. Failure to do so can lead to delays, cost increases, unexpected issues,
and other negative consequences including project cancellation. An example is late recognition that the legal
department is a significant stakeholder, which results in delays and increased expenses due to legal requirements
that are required to be met before the project can be completed or the product scope is delivered.

©2013 Project Management Institute. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Fifth Edition 31
®

Licensed To: Jorge Diego Fuentes Sanchez PMI MemberID: 2399412
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