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X Contents
Chapter 3
Thermodynamics 11: Enthalpy, Heat Capacity, Entropy, the
Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics and Gibbs Free
Energy 24
Introduction 24
Enthalpy, H 24
Heat Capacity 27
Entropy, S, and Change in Entropy, AS 29
Gibbs Free Energy, G, and Change in Gibbs
Free Energy, AG 31
Working Method for the Calculation of AG Type Problems 33
Worked Example 34
Summary of Chapters 2 and 3 on Chemical
Thermodynamics 34
Multiple-Choice Test 34
Long Questions on Chapters 2 and 3 35
Chapter 4
Equilibrium I: Introduction to Equilibrium and Le Chstelier’s
Principle 36
Introduction 36
The Law of Chemical Equilibrium 37
Working Method for the Solution of Standard Equilibrium
Type Problems 40
Examples 42
Relationship between AG and Kp 44
Le Chiitelier’s Principle 44
Summary 46
Chapter 5
Equilibrium 11: Aqueous Solution Equilibria 47
Acids and Bases 47
Common Ion Effect 48
Dissociation of H20 and pH 50
Hydrolysis 52
Buffer Solutions 53
Advanced Equilibrium Problems - Working Method 55
Polyprotic Acids 59
Solubility Product 59
Summary 60
Multiple-Choice Test 61
Long Questions on Chapters 4 and 5 62
